1、I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems.

【分析】复合句。句子主干为I shall define him as an individual。who引导的定语从句修饰individual,其主干为 who has elected …as …；as his primary duty and pleasure in life为宾语补足语；elected的宾语为the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems， 由于较长放在了补足语的后面。翻译时由于定语从句较长，可采用同位语从句的译法，用先行词加冒号进行处理。

【点拨】l define…as…“将…定义为…”。2、elect…as “选择…作为/当”，鉴于从句中的动宾分隔现象，翻译时应按照汉语习惯，译为“选择…的行为作为…”。

【译文】我将其定义为这样一个人：他选择用苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题，并以此作为生命中的主要职责和乐趣。

2、His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obviousa manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

【分析】多重复合句。句子主干为His function is analogous to that of a judge, who引导定语从句修饰a judge。定语从句中of revealing…作obligation的后置定语，翻译时可以按照汉语习惯译为前置定语，也可用加冒号的方法进行处理；in as obvious a manner as possible为方式状语，用来说明revealing的方式，翻译时应置于谓语动词之前；the course of…为revealing 的宾语，其中又包含which引导的定语从句修饰the course of reasoning, which引导的定语从句较短，可直接译为“的”字结构。翻译时who引导的整个定语从句较长，可单独成句。

【点拨】l、function 此句中不可译为“功能、用途”，根据语境his，译作“作用、职责”。 2、be analogous to“类似于”。?

【译文】他的职责与法官相似，即他必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出最后决定的播推理过程。