英语PK台 第530期:零基础学英语时态(7)(在线收听

   现在完成时

  a. 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果;
  b. 表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在。
  c. 它的构成是:主语+have/has +done。
  基本句型
  ①肯定句:主语+have/has+done
  ②否定句:主语+have not/has not+done
  ③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+done
  肯定回答:Yes, I have.或Yes, she/he/人名 has.
  否定回答:No, I haven't.或No, she/he/人名 hasn't.
  ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他)
  ⑤被动时态:现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式为:have/ has +been +done。如:
  The experiment has been done successfully.
  这个实验做得很成功。
  现在完成时的被动语态的否定式为:have/ has +not +been +done。如:
  Tom's novel has not been published.
  汤姆的小说还没有被出版。
  现在完成时的被动语态的一般疑问句需将have /has提到主语的前面。如:
  Has his bike been repaired?
  他的自行车修好了吗?
  注意:现在完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问句为:特殊疑问词+have /has +been +done? 如:
  Who has been invited?
  谁受到了邀请?
  八大基本用法
  1. 现在完成时不能单独与准确时间状语连用,(如表示过去的时间状语)如 yesterday (morning, afternoon), last (morning, afternoon)等,除非与for, since连用。
  2. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用。如already(肯定句中),yet(否定,疑问,句末),just, before, recently, still, lately, never等。
  He has already obtained a scholarship.
  他已经获得了一份奖学金。
  I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
  我已经很久没有看到他(最近的)。
  We have seen that film before.
  我们以前已经看过那部电影了。
  I have already read this book.
  我已经看完这本书了。
  Have they found the missing child yet?
  他们找到失踪的孩子了吗?
  3. 现在完成时态经常与表示频率的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:
  Have you ever been to Beijing?
  你以前去过北京吗?
  I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
  我从来没有听到Bunny说她的坏话。
  I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
  这支钢笔我只用过三次。它仍然是好的。
  George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
  乔治已经在好几个场合见过那个先生几次。
  4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等:
  Peter has written six papers so far.
  彼得写了六篇论文,到目前为止。
  There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.
  今年以来旧金山雨水太多。
  Up to the present everything has been successful.
  到现在为止一切都是成功的。
  5. 现在完成时的“完成用法”指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束。
  He has turned the light off.
  他已把灯关了。
  Have you found your pen?
  你已经找到你的钢笔了吗?
  6. 现在完成时的“未完成用法”指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。
  He has lived here since 1978.
  自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)
  I have been in the army for more than 5 years.
  我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。)
  7. 现在完成时常用短语 up to now /till now, so far (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在)连用。
  Up to/till now he's read many story books.
  至今他已读过好多故事书。
  I've been to New York three times so far.
  至今我已到纽约去过三次。
  8. has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别:
  They have been in Chicago.(1)
  They have been to Chicago.(2)
  They have gone to Chicago.(3)
  1. 句的意思是“他们曾去过芝加哥”,此语强调过去的经历,但没有说明现在是否已回来。言外之意,他们到过芝加哥,他们知道芝加哥在何处,该城市有多大,人口有多少等等。
  2. 句的意思是“他们曾到过芝加哥,现在已回来了”。此语强调的是往返的经历。
  3. 句的意思是“他们已到芝加哥去了”,此语的言外之意是“也许他们已经到达,也许现在还在途中”,它强调“去”的动作已经完成,所以人已不在说话的地点。
  原文地址:http://www.tingroom.com/lesson/yypkt/447397.html