that are actually happening between people and institutions --  发生在人们与制度之间，

　　institutions that are the institutions that people  在人们日常生活中

　　inhabit in their daily life:  的制度如：

　　schools, hospitals, workplaces,  学校、医院、工作场所、

　　factories, offices, etc.  工厂、办公室等等。

　　And something that I see happening  我看到的这些关系

　　is something that I would like to call  是被我称之为的

　　a sort of "democratization of intimacy."  一种“民主化的亲密关系。”

　　And what do I mean by that?  这是什么意思呢？

　　I mean that what people are doing  事实上，我指的是人们正在做的

　　is, in fact, they are sort of, with their communication channels,  就是在他们所处的沟通渠道中，

　　they are breaking an imposed isolation  他们试图打破一种强加的孤立，

　　that these institutions are imposing on them.  一种由于这些制度对他们所强加的孤立。

　　How are they doing this? They're doing it  人们怎样才能做到这点？他们正用

　　in a very simple way, by calling their mom from work,  非常简单的方法来做到，例如工作时给妈妈打电话，

　　by IMing from their office to their friends,  从办公室给朋友们发即时通讯，

　　by texting under the desk.  在桌子下发短信。

　　The pictures that you're seeing behind me  你看到我身后的这些照片

　　are people that I visited in the last few months.  是我过去几个月采访的人们。

　　And I asked them to come along with the person they communicate with most.  我请求他们带来他们联系最多，最亲密的人。

　　And somebody brought a boyfriend, somebody a father.  有人带来她的男朋友，有人带来父亲。

　　One young woman brought her grandfather.  一位年轻女人带来她的爷爷。

　　For 20 years, I've been looking at how people use  20年来，我一直在研究人们如何使用

　　channels such as email, the mobile phone, texting, etc.  如电子邮件、移动电话和短信等的通信渠道。

　　What we're actually going to see is that, fundamentally,  从根本上，我们实际上要看到的是，

　　people are communicating on a regular basis  人们与他们最亲密领域里的

　　with five, six, seven of their most intimate sphere.  五，六，七个人定期交流联系。

　　Now, lets take some data. Facebook.  现在例如一些有关Facebook的数据。

　　Recently some sociologists from Facebook --  最近一些社会学家从Facebook，

　　Facebook is the channel that you would expect  Facebook是人们所期望的

　　is the most enlargening of all channels.  所有社交网络中最庞大的一个。

　　And an average user,  一位Facebook的普通用户，

　　said Cameron Marlow,  卡梅伦马洛Cameron Marlow说，

　　from Facebook, has about 120 friends.  他大约有120个朋友。

　　But he actually talks to,  但是根据他的性别，他实际上

　　has two-way exchanges with, about four to six people  只与大约4至6人

　　on a regular base, depending on his gender.  定期双向交流。

　　Academic research on instant messaging  在即时通讯学术研究

　　also shows 100 people on buddy lists,  也显示好友名单上的100个人，

　　but fundamentally people chat with two, three, four --  但基本上人们只和二个，三个，四个人相互交流，

　　anyway, less than five.  无论如何，不会超过5个人。

　　My own research on cellphones and voice calls  而由我做的关于手机和语音呼叫研究中

　　shows that 80 percent of the calls  表明百分之八十的来电

　　are actually made to four people. 80 percent.  实际上是和4个人对话。百分之八十。

　　And when you go to Skype, it's down to two people.  当你上Skype，就只和两个人聊天。

　　A lot of sociologists actually are quite disappointed.  很多的社会学家的确对此很失望。

　　I mean, I've been a bit disappointed sometimes  我的意思是，当我看到这数据和这一切只是和5个人交流

　　when I saw this data and all this deployment, just for five people.  我也感到失望。

　　And some sociologists actually feel that  而一些社会学家实际上认为，

　　it's a closure, it's a cocooning,  这就是一个封闭的区间，这就是一个茧，

　　that we're disengaging from the public.  以致于我们正与公众脱离开。

　　And I would actually, I would like to show you that  而我实际上，我想展示给你们的是，

　　if we actually look at who is doing it,  如果我们实际看看谁在通信，

　　and from where they're doing it,  他们在哪里交流着，

　　actually there is an incredible social transformation.  这事实上是一个令人难以置信的社会转变。

　　There are three stories that I think are quite good examples.  这有三个故事，我认为它们是相当不错的例子。

　　The first gentleman, he's a baker.  第一位绅士，他是一位面包师。

　　And so he starts working every morning at four o'clock in the morning.  他每天在早上四点开始工作。

　　And around eight o'clock he sort of sneaks away from his oven,  大概早上8点左右他就偷偷离开他的烤箱，

　　cleans his hands from the flour  清洗他和面团的双手，

　　and calls his wife.  并打电话给他的妻子。

　　He just wants to wish her a good day, because that's the start of her day.  因为这是她新的一天，他只是想祝福她有美好的一天。

　　And I've heard this story a number of times.  而且我听说过这种故事很多次。

　　A young factory worker who works night shifts,  一位年轻的夜班工人

　　who manages to sneak away from the factory floor,  从工厂车间要偷偷离开一下，

　　where there is CCTV by the way,  顺便说一下，那有闭路电视，

　　and find a corner, where at 11 o'clock at night  他找到一个拐角，在夜里11点钟，

　　he can call his girlfriend and just say goodnight.  他给女友电话只是问声晚安。

　　Or a mother who, at four o'clock,  或者一位母亲，在4点钟，

　　suddenly manages to find a corner in the toilet  突然在厕所的角落里打电话

　　to check that her children are safely home.  查问她的孩子们是否安全地回家。

　　Then there is another couple, there is a Brazilian couple.  接下来另一个例子，他们是一对巴西夫妇。

　　They've lived in Italy for a number of years.  他们在意大利生活多年。

　　They Skype with their families a few times a week.  他们与家人一个星期有几次Skype聊天。

　　But once a fortnight, they actually put the computer on their dining table,  但是，每两周一次，他们真的把电脑放在他们的餐桌上，

　　pull out the webcam and actually have dinner  设置好摄像头，竟然就

　　with their family in Sao Paulo. And they have a big event of it.  与他们在圣保罗的家庭一起晚餐。他们有了一个家宴大活动。

　　And I heard this story the first time a couple of years ago  我第一次听说这种故事是几年前

　　from a very modest family  从一个非常温馨的在瑞士居住的

　　of immigrants from Kosovo in Switzerland.  科索沃移民家庭。

　　They had set up a big screen in their living room,  他们在自己的客厅有一个大屏幕。

　　and every morning they had breakfast with their grandmother.  每天清晨，通过屏幕，他们与他们的祖母共进早餐。

　　But Danny Miller, who is a very good anthropologist  丹尼米勒Danny Miller是一位很好的人类学家，

　　who is working on Filipina migrant women  他研究菲律宾籍移民妇女，

　　who leave their children back in the Philippines,  这些妇女离开她们在菲律宾的孩子们，

　　was telling me about how much parenting is going on  他曾告诉我有父母教育子女是

　　through Skype,  通过Skype来交流的，

　　and how much these mothers are engaged with their children through Skype.  还有很多这些菲律宾母亲们通过Skype来了解她们的孩子们。

　　And then there is the third couple. They are two friends.  然后还有第三个例子。他们是两个朋友。

　　They chat to each other every day, a few times a day actually.  每天他们互相聊天，甚至一天好几次。

　　And finally, finally, they've managed to put  最终他们工作时试着在电脑上

　　instant messaging on their computers at work.  使用即时消息联系。

　　And now, obviously, they have it open.  现在，显然地，他们公开交流。

　　Whenever they have a moment they chat to each other.  每当他们有空闲，他们就互相交谈。

　　And this is exactly what we've been seeing  这也正是我们所看到的

　　with teenagers and kids doing it in school, under the table,  在学校,在课桌下，青少年和孩子们正这样做，

　　and texting under the table to their friends.  并给他们的朋友们发短信。

　　So, none of these cases are unique.  所以，这些例子枚不胜举。

　　I mean, I could tell you hundreds of them.  我意思是，我可以告诉你们数百个类似的例子。

　　But what is really exceptional is the setting.  但真正特别的是设定背景。