TED演讲:对妇女的暴力行为(2)（在线收听） |
This comes from the work of the feminist linguist Julia Penelope. 这来自于著名的女权运动者和语言学家朱利亚佩内洛普。 It starts with a very basic English sentence: 就是一个很简单的英语句子。
"John beat Mary." “约翰打了玛丽。”
That's a good English sentence. 这是一个正常的英语句子。
John is the subject. Beat is the verb. 约翰是主题。击败是动词
Mary is the object. Good sentence. 玛丽是对象。好句子。
Now we're going to move to the second sentence, 让我们继续第二个句子，
which says the same thing in the passive voice. 基本就是同样的东西，但是是用被动式语气：
"Mary was beaten by John." “玛丽被约翰打。”
And now a whole lot has happened in one sentence. 这句话里就发生了很大的一个变化。
We've gone from "John beat Mary" 我们从“约翰打玛丽。”
to "Mary was beaten by John." 换成“玛丽被约翰打。”
We've shifted our focus in one sentence from John to Mary, 我们转移我们的注意力从约翰变成玛丽，
and you can see John is very close to the end of the sentence, 还有你可以注意到约翰是位于句子的尾端。
well, close to dropping off the map of our psychic plain. 现在让我们把某些东西从我们的思想移走。
The third sentence, John is dropped, 第三句，把约翰移走，
and we have, "Mary was beaten," 我们就会有，“玛丽被打”
and now it's all about Mary. 现在就只有玛丽了。
We're not even thinking about John. It's totally focused on Mary. 我们压根都没想到约翰。将我们的注意力完全集中在玛丽上。
Over the past generation, the term we've used 在之前的年代，我们一直把“被打”这词
synonymous with "beaten" is "battered," 当作成"被虐待"。
so we have "Mary was battered." 然后我们就有“玛丽被虐待。”
And the final sentence in this sequence, 如此推测，最后的句子
flowing from the others, is, 就会演变成为
"Mary is a battered woman." “玛丽是个被虐待的女人。”
So now Mary's very identity -- Mary is a battered woman -- 现在玛丽有个很明确的身份--玛丽是个被虐待的女人--
is what was done to her by John in the first instance. 这是和第一句被约翰打是一样的。
But we've demonstrated that John has long ago left the conversation. 但是我已经论证约翰很久以前已经离开句子了。
Now, those of us who work in the domestic and sexual violence 现在，那些探讨于家庭与性别暴力的人
field know that victim-blaming is pervasive in this realm, 必须知道受害者是很容易责备的，
which is to say, blaming the person to whom something was done 换句话说，就是责备受害者
rather than the person who did it. 而不是加害人。
And we say things like, why do these women go out with these men? 然后我们会问，“为什么这些女人会和这些男人约会？
Why are they attracted to these men? 为什么她们会被这些男人吸引？
Why do they keep going back? What was she wearing at that party? 为什么她们要回去？她会穿什么出席宴会？
What a stupid thing to do. Why was she drinking 这是多么愚蠢的行为？为什么她要
with that group of guys in that hotel room? 和一群男人在一间酒店房间喝酒？”
This is victim blaming, and there are numerous reasons for it, 这是责备着受害者。这存在着很多个因素，
but one of them is that our whole cognitive structure 其中一个是因为我们的认知构造
is set up to blame victims. This is all unconscious. 是设定于责备受害者。这全都是因为潜意识。
Our whole cognitive structure is set up to ask questions 我们的认知构造是设定于询问
about women and women's choices and what they're doing, 关于女人和女人的选择和她们在做什么，
thinking, and wearing. 想什么，穿什么。
And I'm not going to shout down people who ask questions 请搞清楚我不是在呼应人们不问
about women, okay? It's a legitimate thing to ask. 女人的问题。这问题是合理的。
But's let's be clear: Asking questions about Mary 但是我们要搞清楚：询问玛丽的问题
is not going to get us anywhere in terms of preventing violence. 不会防范任何暴力问题。
We have to ask a different set of questions. 我们必须问几项问题。
You can see where I'm going with this, right? 你可以明白我在如何应付这问题，对吗？
The questions are not about Mary. They're about John. 问题不在于玛丽。这都是因为约翰。
The questions include things like, why does John beat Mary? 问题包括，为什么约翰会打玛丽？
Why is domestic violence still a big problem 为什么家庭暴力依然是严重的问题？
in the United States and all over the world? 在美国和全世界？
What's going on? Why do so many men abuse, 这世界怎么啦？为什么那么多男人施暴，
physically, emotionally, verbally, and other ways, 于身体上，精神上，言语上，等等。
the women and girls, and the men and boys, 女人和女生，男人和男生－
that they claim to love? What's going on with men? 他们之间的爱呢？到底男人是怎么啦？
Why do so many adult men sexually abuse little girls and little boys? 为什么那么多成年男人性侵小女孩和小男孩？
Why is that a common problem in our society 为什么这是一个普通的问题？在我们的社会里
and all over the world today? 和全世界？
Why do we hear over and over again 为什么？为什么我们重复的听到
about new scandals erupting in major institutions 新的丑闻发生在主要机构？
like the Catholic Church or the Penn State football program 例如天主教教堂或者宾夕法尼亚州立大学的橄榄球节目？
or the Boy Scouts of America, on and on and on? 或者美国的男童军，还有等等？
And then local communities all over the country 然后在全国的本地社区
and all over the world, right? We hear about it all the time. 和全世界，对吗？我们时常听到这问题。
The sexual abuse of children. 性虐待小孩子。
What's going on with men? Why do so many men rape women 男人到底怎么啦？为什么那么多男人强奸女人？
in our society and around the world? 在我们的社会和全世界？
Why do so many men rape other men? 为什么那么多男人强奸男人？
What is going on with men? 男人到底怎么啦？
And then what is the role of the various institutions 然后不同的机构的角色是什么？
in our society that are helping to produce abusive men 在我们的社会不断生产施虐者的男人，
at pandemic rates? 而且在很高的机率？
Because this isn't about individual perpetrators. 因为这不是肇事者个人的行为。
That's a naive way to understanding what is a much deeper 这是很单纯的了解一个很深入
and more systematic social problem. 和很有系统化的社会问题。 |
| 原文地址：http://www.tingroom.com/lesson/TEDyj/jyp/453980.html |