sentences as containers, and communication as a kind of sending. 句子就像容器，语言交流就像快递

　　As when we say we "gather" our ideas, to "put" them "into" words,  当我们说"gather"（收集）我们的想法，并"'put' them 'into' word"（把它们付诸语言）

　　and if our words aren't "empty" or "hollow," we might get these ideas "across" to a listener, 如果我们说的话并不"empty"(空)或者"hollow"（空洞），我们就可以把意思传达“过去”(“across")

　　who can "unpack" our words to "extract" their "content."  让一个能够”拆解“("unpack")我们的语言而提取“内涵”("content")

　　And indeed, this kind of verbiage is not the exception, but the rule.  诸如此类的修辞法不是个例，而是广泛规则

　　It's very hard to find any example of abstract language that is not based on some concrete metaphor. 想找到纯抽象的而非实物隐喻的表达的例子难之又难

　　For example, you can use the verb "go" and the prepositions "to" and "from" in a literal, spatial sense. 譬如说，你可以用动词"go"以及介词"to"和"from"来表达字面意思：

　　"The messenger went from Paris to Istanbul." “信使从巴黎去了伊斯坦布尔。”

　　You can also say, "Biff went from sick to well."  你也可以说，“比夫从病中康复。”

　　He needn't go anywhere. He could have been in bed the whole time,  他哪里都没“去”，而是可能一直呆在床上

　　but it's as if his health is a point in state space that you conceptualize as moving. 但是我们说话时仿佛他的健康状况是空间中的点，你给它一种动的概念

　　Or, "The meeting went from three to four," in which we conceive of time as stretched along a line. 或者，“会从3点一直开到4点，”这里我们把时间想成分布在一条直线上

　　Likewise, we use "force" to indicate not only physical force, 与此相似地，我们用力的概念来表示不仅仅是物理的力

　　as in, "Rose forced the door to open," but also interpersonal force, 比如，"Rose forced the door to open"，也包括人际间的作用力

　　as in, "Rose forced Sadie to go," not necessarily by manhandling her, but by issuing a threat. 比如，"Rose forced Sadie to go"--不一定要推推搡搡的，而是通过威胁。

　　Or, "Rose forced herself to go," as if there were two entities inside Rose's head, engaged in a tug of a war. 或者"Rose forced Sadie to go"，仿佛罗斯的头脑里有两个东西在进行拔河

　　Second conclusion is that the ability to conceive of a given event in two different ways, 第二个结论是用不同方式构思同一事件的能力

　　such as "cause something to go to someone" and "causing someone to have something," 比如，“使某物到某人那里，”和“使某人拥有某物，”

　　I think is a fundamental feature of human thought, and it's the basis for much human argumentation, 我认为这是人类思维的基本特点，而且是人类论辩的基础

　　in which people don't differ so much on the facts as on how they ought to be construed. 论辩中人们争议的一般不是事实，而是应该如何理解它们。