英语听力精选进阶版 6462（在线收听）

Sun, a sandy beach and a nice view. Is that what all tourists want? Not quite. Trips to sites of death, brutality and terror are on the increase. About 350,000 people now visit Robben Island in South Africa every year. That's where Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for 18 years. The prison was closed in 1996 and is now a so-called 'dark tourism' destination.

This trend has intrigued researchers at the University of Central Lancashire, which has even created an Institute for Dark Tourism Research. They examine why people feel compelled to visit places like Auschwitz in Poland or New York's Ground Zero. Is it just a case of morbid fascination?

Director Philip Stone says his research suggests that visitors want to find some kind of meaning in these places of suffering. They try to empathise with victims and imagine the motivations of the perpetrators, he says. Then they have a sense of relief that they can step back into the safety of their own lives.

And what appeal could Chernobyl, the site of a catastrophic nuclear accident in 1986, have? Stone says such grim places make people face their "own mortality". In a culture that usually removes death from the public domain, these destinations are strongly associated with loss of life, he says.

And yet this kind of activity has a long history, according to Stone: "It's always been there. You could say that a medieval execution was an early form of dark tourism."

The researcher, who worked in the tourism industry before becoming an academic, also pointed out an example of dark tourism closer to home. In Pendle in Lancashire in the 17th Century 11 people were charged with murder by witchcraft.

"Four hundred years ago they were innocent people who were killed. Now they're a tourist destination," says Stone.

What about you: would you visit the battlefields of World War I and II or the former prison of Robben Island?

Quiz 测验

1. Where was Nelson Mandela held for 18 years?

In a prison cell on Robben Island in South Africa.

2. What do visitors feel when they leave Auschwitz, according to Philip Stone?

He says they feel a sense of relief because they live in a safe place, unlike the victims of the concentration camp.

3. Why are people likely to go to Chernobyl to think about death?

Because our culture avoids the subject, according to Philip Stone.

4. What example does Philip Stone give to show dark tourism is not new?

People watching executions in the Middle Ages.

5. Which word is used to indicate someone who commits a crime?

Perpetrator.

Glossary 词汇表

brutality 暴行

to imprison 监禁

dark tourism 黑色旅游

intrigued 使某人好奇

compelled 觉得必须做（某事）

morbid fascination 病态的迷恋

suffering 受苦受难

to empathise 同情

the perpetrator 加害者，行凶者

sense of relief 如释重负的感觉

catastrophic 灾难性的

grim 可怕的，压抑的

mortality 死亡率

public domain 公共领域

execution 死刑

witchcraft 巫术