科学美国人60秒 SSS 诺贝尔经济学奖强调应对气候变化的必要性（在线收听）

Economics Nobel Highlights Climate Action Necessity

“The first thing is that people have to come to grips with the difficulties we face. I think the scientists have and many of the people have, but the governments have to.”Yale University’s William Nordhaus, who on October 8th shared the 2018 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, "for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis.” He spoke by phone to a representative of the Nobel Prizes.

“首先，人们必须正视我们面临的困难。我认为科学家和许多人已经做到了，但政府必须做到。耶鲁大学的威廉?诺德豪斯(William Nordhaus)于10月8日分享了2018年诺贝尔经济学奖。他与诺贝尔奖的一位代表通了电话。

“And then the second thing that’s most important is that we take some kind of economic steps—I have advocated for many years a carbon tax as a way of implementing policies. And then the third thing is we’ll have to have a significant technological transformation. Of course, those first two would help the third. But those three have to go together. You can’t do it without public support. But you can’t do it without some kind of economic signals, in the form of a carbon tax. And then all of those will help induce the technological changes that are necessary to make a transition to a low-carbon world.”

第二件最重要的事情是我们采取某种经济措施——我多年来一直主张征收碳排放税，作为实施政策的一种方式。第三件事是我们必须进行重大的技术变革。当然，前两个对第三个有帮助。但这三者必须同时存在。没有公众的支持，你做不到。但如果没有某种经济信号，比如碳排放税，你就无法做到这一点。所有这些都将有助于引导技术变革，这对于向低碳世界转型是必要的。

Nordhaus shared the prize with Paul Romer of New York University, for his work “integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis."

诺德豪斯与纽约大学的保罗·罗默共同获得了诺贝尔经济学奖，因为他的工作是“将技术创新融入长期宏观经济分析”。

Nordhaus continued: “The most recent work I’ve done is studying actual trends in abatement and in policies, suggests we’re doing much less than what needs to be to reach any of the targets, whether it’s a 1.5 degree or 2 degree or even a 3 degree target. I think the policies are lagging very very far, miles, miles, miles behind the science and what needs to be done…but it’s not too late. But the steps we have to take are more difficult now than if we’d started earlier.”

诺德豪斯接着说:“我最近做的工作是研究减排和政策方面的实际趋势，这表明我们所做的远远不能达到任何目标所需的量，无论是1.5度还是2度，甚至3度。我认为这些政策远远落后于科学和需要做的事情，但还不算太晚。但我们现在必须采取的步骤比我们早些开始的时候更加困难。