VOA常速英语2019--移民的生活五味杂陈（在线收听）

Moscow is one of the world’s most vibrant capitals despite an economic slowdown, a devalue rouble and general stagnation. The lure of money to be made keeps migrants coming. Most come from Central Asia, primarily Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan laborers tend to have menial jobs, as cleaners or in construction, although some work in the arts. Adkham arrived in Moscow two years ago. An artist, he wanted to launch his career, but reality has been difficult, he said. He makes less money here than he did in his homeland, and he finds himself having to work odd jobs in construction, sharing a tiny room with other migrants, an hour by train from central Moscow. I dreamed of coming to Moscow to sell my works here, but I did not realize that half of the people in Moscow are painters. I came when the economic crisis was starting. I was out of luck in my country. My daughter died, and against Muslim tradition, she was buried without me being present. I sent whatever money I could, not much.

莫斯科是世界上最有活力的首都之一，虽然莫斯科遭遇了经济下滑、卢布贬值、经济普遍停滞的问题。金钱的诱惑让移民持续涌入。大多数移民都来自中亚，主要是乌兹别克斯坦。乌兹别克斯坦的劳工们找的都是低贱的工作，如清洁工或者建筑工人，不过也有一些是从事艺术领域的。Adkham两年前来到俄罗斯。作为一名艺术家的他希望能在这里创建自己的事业，但现实很骨感，他如是说道。他赚的没有在老家多，最后不得不在工地做零工，要跟其他移民合租一间小屋，居住地离莫斯科中心有一小时的火车车程。我曾梦想来到莫斯科出售自己的作品，但我没想到莫斯科半数的人都是画家。我来的时候正赶上经济危机伊始。我在老家走了霉运——女儿死了，而且她下葬的时候我不在身边，这不符合穆斯林的传统。我把钱都尽可能寄回家，虽然很微薄。

Shakhnoza, also from Uzbekistan, is like most migrants in Moscow. She came to work and build her savings. I have no dream in Moscow. It’s not my motherland. I came here to earn money. I first worked in a Four Star hotel. At first, everything went well, but then a new manager arrived, she treated me very badly. Her attitude toward me was inhuman. I can’t talk about that. It is actually so tough to speak about that. Having a higher education and to listen to such words, well, that is very painful.

Shakhnoza也来自乌兹别克斯坦，他跟莫斯科的大多数移民一样，也是来务工攒钱的。我来莫斯科不是为了追梦。这里不是我的故乡。我来这儿是为了赚钱。我先是在一家四星级酒店工作。起初，一切都很顺利，但后来一位新来的经理对我很不友好。他对我的态度很不人道。说起来都是泪，我难以启齿。让一个受过高等教育的人听她说那些话是不堪入耳的。

The migrants hold jobs most Russians do not want. Observers say competition for low-paying jobs drives down wages and makes matters worse. It turns out that an inflow of migration reduces an income of the local residents as well as reduces their options of choosing jobs, and that naturally triggers annoyance among local residents in the low segments of the market labor. Immigrants from Africa and Latin America generally have different circumstances. They are often young students who come with scholarships. Navigating a difficult bureaucracy, some find ways to stay. For the Nigerian people, the most important thing is education, because we know that the more knowledgeable we are, the better our environment becomes. We Nigerians practically go to every part of the world, including Russia. Whether it be for school or in search of a better life, Russia continues to draw those willing to deal with Russia’s bureaucracy which some say is as harsh as its climate.

这些移民找到的工作都是大多数俄罗斯不想做的。有观察家表示，低薪工资的竞争导致工资越来越低，情况愈发恶化。最后，移民的涌入导致当地居民的工资也降低，对工作的选择也大大减少。而这自然就让当地居民对市场上拿着低薪的劳动力充满了厌恶。来自非洲和拉美的移民情况有所不同。他们一般都是学生，还自带奖学金。在艰难的官僚机构中，一些人找到了留下来的办法。对于尼日利亚人来说，最重要的事情就是受教育，因为我们知道自己掌握的知识越多，我们的生活环境才能越好。我们尼日利亚人遍布世界各地，包括俄罗斯。无论是求学还是为了寻求更好的生活，俄罗斯都在持续吸引着愿意与官僚作为周旋的人，虽然一些人说这里的官僚作风跟气候一样恶劣。