美国国家公共电台 NPR On Tax Day, The IRS Is Short Of Money（在线收听）

DAVID GREENE, HOST:

All right. You might know this already. Today is Tax Day. But there is little encouragement for last-minute tax filers this April 15. Your chance of being audited by the IRS this year is as low as it has been in decades. Years of budget cuts have hollowed out enforcement of the nation's tax laws. Now even the Trump administration says those cuts may have gone too far. Here's more from NPR's Scott Horsley.

SCOTT HORSLEY, BYLINE: The IRS is responsible for collecting about $3.5 trillion in taxes every year. But the agency's being asked to do that job with fewer dollars of its own. Chuck Marr, who studies tax policy at the left-leaning Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, says adjusted for inflation, IRS funding's been cut by about 25 percent since the beginning of the decade, and staffing for tax enforcement has fallen by nearly 1/3.

CHUCK MARR: Right now we have about the same number of auditors at the IRS that we had back in the 1950s when the economy was at 1/7 the size.

HORSLEY: The IRS has always been something of a political punching bag. But the deep cuts began in 2010 when Republicans took control of the House, as GOP Congressman Dave Joyce of Ohio acknowledged last week.

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DAVE JOYCE: I know that when we were in the majority that we took great pleasure in cutting the amount of money that was going to the IRS every year.

HORSLEY: The IRS was an easy target. After all, the agency was the enforcer of the Affordable Care Act, which Republicans despise. There were charges the IRS unfairly penalized conservative groups that tried to apply for nonprofit status. And even in the best of times, people don't have warm and fuzzy feelings about the tax collector, says Mark Mazur, who was assistant Treasury secretary for tax policy during the Obama administration.

MARK MAZUR: It was always a concern among Americans that you have the jack-booted thugs coming into your business or office or home and auditing away.

HORSLEY: Over time, both the criticism and the budget cuts have taken a toll. Tony Reardon, who heads the union representing IRS agents, says morale of the agency is down. Experienced agents are headed for the exits, and less than 3 percent of the IRS workforce is under 30.

TONY REARDON: The IRS has essentially lost an entire generation of employees. When you look at pay freezes, retirement cuts, government shutdowns, it makes it incredibly difficult to recruit and retain new talent.

HORSLEY: With the IRS cutting back sharply on tax enforcement, the federal government is leaving money it's owed by taxpayers on the table. According to ProPublica, the number of individual audits fell 42 percent between 2010 and 2017. Florida Congressman Charlie Crist complains IRS scrutiny of taxpayers making more than $500,000 a year dropped more sharply than audits of those making under $200,000.

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CHARLIE CRIST: This clearly indicates a policy shift of some sort, cracking down on people who have little and going easier on people who are doing very, very well.

HORSLEY: Now after nearly a decade of cutting, the Trump administration is calling for a course correction. Trump has suggested sidestepping budget caps to spend an extra $362 million on tax enforcement next year. The new IRS Commissioner Charles Rettig says that additional spending is necessary to reassure Americans that tax cheats stand a good chance of getting caught.

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CHARLES RETTIG: Personally, I have both eyes focused on enforcement.

HORSLEY: Rettig notes the vast majority of Americans, 83 percent, already pay the taxes they owe voluntarily. But if a more visible cop on the beat could boost compliance by just one percentage point, that would mean an extra $30 billion a year in revenue for the government. On the other hand, Mark Mazur warns, government revenues could take an equally big hit if the lack of enforcement were to trigger even a small drop in Americans' willingness to pay.

MAZUR: Americans don't really want to feel like chumps, and so they want to make sure that everybody's paying their fair share.

HORSLEY: Trust in the tax system takes a long time to develop. If it looks like tax cheats are getting away with it, that trust can evaporate very quickly. Scott Horsley, NPR News, Washington.