2019年经济学人 宗教政治:穆斯林回归本土(2)（在线收听）

Today the third generation is coming of age. It is more enfranchised and confident than the first two. Most of its members want little truck with either foreign imams or violent jihadist propaganda. Instead, for young Muslims in the West, faith is increasingly becoming a matter of personal choice. Their beliefs range from ultra-conservative to path-breakingly liberal. Some prominent scholars allow female converts to keep non-Muslim husbands; a few congregations conduct weekly prayers on Sundays, because the faithful go to work on Fridays; there are even women-led mosques. At the same time Western institutions are gradually opening up to Muslims. London and Rotterdam are both run by Muslim mayors. Two Muslim women, one of them veiled, were voted into the United States Congress last year.

如今，第三代移民后裔即将成年。这一代比前两代更加自信、更有选举权。他们中大多数成员不希望与外国伊玛目或暴力圣战宣传有任何瓜葛。相反，对于西方的年轻穆斯林来说，信仰正日益成为个人选择的问题。其信仰从极端保守到具有开创性的自由主义。一些著名学者允许女性皈依者保留非穆斯林丈夫；有些教会祈祷仪式在周日进行，因为周五信徒们要上班；甚至还有清真寺由女性领导。与此同时，西方政府机构正逐渐对穆斯林更加包容。伦敦和鹿特丹的市长都是穆斯林。去年，两名穆斯林妇女在美国国会投票，其中一名戴面纱。

How can Western governments encourage this transition? Their main task is to focus on upholding the law rather than try to force Muslims to change their beliefs. The West is enjoying a decline in attacks by jihadists. The number they killed in Europe fell from over 150 in 2015 to 14 last year. Attacks not only threaten lives and property, they also set back relations between Muslims and those around them. That is why criminality must be dealt with firmly by the law and the intelligence services.

西方政府如何鼓励这种转变？他们的主要任务是致力于维护法律，而不是试图强迫穆斯林改变信仰。西方正欢欣于圣战袭击的减少。他们在欧洲杀害的人数从2015年的150多人下降到去年的14人。袭击不仅威胁生命和财产，还阻碍了穆斯林与其周围人的关系。这就是为什么犯罪行为必须通过法律和情报部门来处理。