2019年经济学人 宗教政治:穆斯林回归本土(3)（在线收听）

The trouble is that governments frequently lump in criminal actions with regressive norms. Germany is leading a drive to curb foreign influence of mosques, train imams and control funding. France wants to cajole Muslims into a representative body. They are echoing the Muslim world, where Islam is often a state religion that is run, and stifled, by governments.

问题是政府经常把犯罪行为和过时的规范混为一谈。为遏制清真寺的外来影响，德国正在领导一项运动，培训伊玛目，控制资金。法国想要哄骗穆斯林组成一个具有代表性的机构。他们是在呼应穆斯林世界，在那里，伊斯兰教通常是由政府管理和压制的国家宗教。

However, the top-down nannying of religion risks a backlash. Heavy-handed interference will alienate communities whose co-operation is needed to identify potential terrorists and abusers among them. Put on the defensive, Muslims will deepen communal identities and retreat into the very segregation that intervention is supposed to reverse.

然而，自上而下的宗教保姆制度可能会遭到强烈反对。严厉的干预将疏远那些需要合作来识别潜在恐怖分子和施虐者的社区。若被迫处于守势，穆斯林将加深社会认同，退回到隔离状态，而干预本应逆转这种状态。

Rather than intervene in doctrine, it is better to deal with social conservatism through argument and persuasion. That can make for testy debate. This week Ilhan Omar, a Democratic congresswoman from Minnesota, had to apologise for peddling anti-Semitic tropes. The trickiest balance is over how to counter the radicalisation of Muslims, whether online or in prisons. This often involves vulnerable young people becoming more devout before turning to violence. But there are signs of progress. Although young Muslims are conservative by the standards of Western society (eg, on gay schoolteachers), they are more liberal than their elders.

对于社会保守主义，与其干涉教条，不如争辩、说服。这可能引起激烈争论。本周，来自明尼苏达州的民主党国会女议员伊尔汗·奥马尔，不得不为散布反犹太主义言论道歉。如何对抗穆斯林在网上或监狱的激进化是很难达到的平衡。牵涉其中的脆弱年轻人在诉诸暴力之前变得更加虔诚。但也有进步的迹象。尽管按照西方社会标准，年轻的穆斯林是保守的（比如，关于同性恋教师），但是年轻一代比其长辈更开明。

Islam belongs to Western history and culture. Muslims have governed parts of Europe for 13 centuries; they helped kindle the Renaissance. If today’s varied and liberal form of Islam continues to flourish, it may even serve as an example of tolerance for the rest of the Muslim world.

伊斯兰教属于西方历史文化。穆斯林统治欧洲部分地区已有13个世纪；并助燃了文艺复兴。如果今天多样化和自由主义的伊斯兰教继续蓬勃发展，甚至可能成为宽容其他穆斯林世界的一个例子。