2019年经济学人 斯里兰卡连环爆炸袭击(2)（在线收听）

On top of all this, Mr Wickremesinghe says that some of the bombers had been to Syria; they are likely to have been among the three dozen Sri Lankans who have fought with IS. In short, Sri Lanka is not as quarantined from global jihadist networks as one might think. Few countries are. And as is has been bombed out of its so-called caliphate, thousands of its fighters have dispersed the world over, grafting themselves onto local Islamist groups like Sri Lanka’s NTJ and disseminating ideology and expertise. The threat of jihadist attacks is therefore likely to grow.

最重要的是，维克勒马辛哈表示，一些炸弹袭击者曾去过叙利亚；他们很可能是与IS作战的30多名斯里兰卡人中的一员。简而言之，斯里兰卡并不像人们想象的那样与全球圣战分子网隔绝。很少有国家隔绝。随着伊斯兰国被炸弹轰出所谓的哈里发国，成千上万的伊斯兰国武装分子分散在世界各地，并加入了当地的伊斯兰组织，比如斯里兰卡的NTJ，并传播意识形态和专业知识。因此，圣战分子袭击的威胁可能会增加。

Last, the form of the atrocity in Sri Lanka—striking not only at hotels full of Westerners, but also at three churches—reflects the changing pattern of jihadist violence. Though al-Qaeda railed against “Jews and Crusaders” in the 1990s, it made its name striking secular targets, such as embassies and warships. Its more radical offshoot, is, instead came to prominence in Iraq by slaughtering local Muslims who disagreed with its bloodthirsty interpretation of the Koran, often with a degree of violence that even al-Qaeda’s leaders thought excessive.

最后，斯里兰卡暴行不仅发生在挤满西方人的酒店，还发生在三个教堂，这种形式反映了圣战暴力模式的变化。基地组织尽管在20世纪90年代曾谴责“犹太人和十字军”，但却以打击大使馆和军舰等非宗教目标而闻名。相反，伊斯兰国更为激进的分支在伊拉克因屠杀当地穆斯林而声名鹊起，这些穆斯林不同意伊斯兰国对《古兰经》嗜血的解读，其暴力程度甚至连基地组织领导人都认为过分。

IS has exported its modus operandi. In 2017 al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS), al-Qaeda’s South Asian branch, published a code of conduct that said Hindu, Muslim and Buddhist civilians and places of worship would not be attacked. By contrast, is proudly claims attacks on religious targets, including churches in Egypt, the Philippines, Indonesia, Pakistan and now Sri Lanka. The aim of such sectarian terrorism is to promote the narrative of a clash of civilisations—an aim the jihadists share with white-nationalist terrorists, such as the one who attacked two mosques in New Zealand last month.

IS已经输出了它的运作方式。2017年，基地组织南亚分支——印度次大陆基地组织发布了一份行为准则，称印度教、穆斯林和佛教平民以及宗教场所不会受到袭击。相比之下，伊斯兰国自豪地宣称对宗教目标发动袭击，包括埃及、菲律宾、印度尼西亚、巴基斯坦和现在的斯里兰卡的教堂。这种宗派恐怖主义的目的是促进文明冲突的叙述——圣战分子与白人民族主义恐怖分子有着共同的目标，比如上个月在新西兰袭击两座清真寺的那名恐怖分子。

Both groups want to sow discord and force people to choose sides. The jihadists would love to provoke a backlash against Muslims, in the hope of pushing more Muslims into their camp. Neither governments nor citizens should fall into that trap. Instead, they should work harder to catch terrorists, while doing their best to soothe relations between Muslims and their neighbours. It was the Muslim Council of Sri Lanka, remember, that first reported NTJ to the authorities three years ago.

两派都想挑拨离间，迫使人们选择立场。圣战分子很乐意激起对穆斯林的强烈反对，希望能把更多的穆斯林推向他们的阵营。政府和公民都不应落入这个陷阱。相反，他们应该更加努力地抓捕恐怖分子，同时尽最大努力缓和穆斯林与其邻居之间的关系。请记住，三年前第一次向当局报告NTJ的是斯里兰卡穆斯林委员会。