VOA常速英语2019--电厂创造巨型锂电池（在线收听）

Power Plants Create Giant Water Battery

California promises to use 60 percent renewable energy sources for power generation by 2030 and all zero emission sources by 2045.At Castaic Lake, north of Los Angeles, a power plant with a double reservoir may help them do that.It’s one of 40 pumped storage facilities around the United States that is used for large-scale energy storage.A smaller site helps San Diego meet its power requirements and more are planned.The idea is simple.When you have excess energy during the day, you pump the water up a hill, and it stays there. At the end of the day, you’re able to bring that generating unit online and then supply the energy back to the grid.Producing power without burning fossil fuels, most utilities scale power is stored this way, using water.A smaller amount is stored with batteries, the kind used in electric vehicles and modern devices.In our cell phones, you know, laptop computers, but they are expensive.

加州承诺到2030年将百分之六十的可再生能源用于发电，到2045年将全部零排放源用于发电。在洛杉矶北部的卡斯泰克湖，一座带有双蓄水池的发电厂可以帮助他们做到这一点。这是美国40个抽水蓄能设施之一，其用于大规模储能。较小的站点来满足圣地亚哥的电力需求，满足更多电力需求的方式仍在计划中。这个想法很简单。当你在白天有多余的能量时，你将水抽吸到山上，水就到了山上。在一天结束时，将该发电机组联机，然后将能量提供给电网。在不燃烧化石燃料的情况下就可以发电，大多数公用事业规模的电力用这种方式储存、使用水。较少量的电会存储在电动汽车和现代设备中的电池中。在我们的手机、笔记本电脑里，但它们很贵。

So the challenge is to make them larger for transportation and power system application and make it cost-effective.He foresees a future when electric vehicles are tapped for power when not in use.Solutions where these vehicles energy could be delivered to the grid, we call it V2GThat’s vehicle to grid, but it’s a long way in the future.For now, water is used to store large amounts of energy and Los Angeles power officials hope to build a major project at Lake Mead near Las Vegas where the Hoover Dam already generates hydroelectric power.If you could add some pumps and pipelines after it goes through the dam at some point downriver, pump it back upstream back into Lake Mead and just recirculate it,then you could actually increase the efficiency and optimize that asset.Creating a pump storage component to the existing power plant, further reducing carbon emissions in the region.

因此，面临的挑战是如何让电力更大，可运用到运输和电力系统中，并使其具有成本效益。他预见未来世界，电动汽车在不使用时可接通电源的。这种交通工具的能量输送到电网的解决方案，我们称之为V2G。意思是从交通工具到电网，但未来还有很长的路要走。目前，水被用来储存大量能源，洛杉矶电力官员希望在拉斯维加斯附近的米德湖开建一个重大项目，那里的胡佛水坝已经可以进行水力发电。如果您可以在下游的某个点通过大坝后添加一些泵和管道，将其向上游泵，泵回到米德湖并再循环它，那么您实际上可以提高效率并优化利用，从而给现有的发电厂创建一个泵存储组件，进一步减少该地区的碳排放。