VOA常速英语2019--智能建筑竟然可以感知危险（在线收听）

Intelligent Threat-Sensing Building on Horizon

In this virtual video, an active shooter is in a school. How do the people inside respond? Will they respond differently if the building is designed in a different way? Virtual reality is the first step to answering these questions to help engineers create a safer building, says Gale Lucas who researches human-computer interaction. We’re interested in looking at how different building attributes affect responses to incidents of extreme violence. And that’s something that we can’t manipulate easily in the real world. But in virtual reality, all of that is possible and it’s possible safe and ethically. Soon, teachers and office workers will be tested to see how they react doing a virtual violent incident staged inside various office and school building designs. Treadmills similar to this one will be used so they can run or walk.

在这段虚拟视频中，有一名激进的枪手出现在学校里。那么学校里的人们会作何反应呢？如果这座建筑采用了一种不同的设计方式，那么人们的反应是否会有所不同？研究人机交互的盖尔·卢卡斯表示，虚拟现实是回答这些问题的第一步，从而可以帮助工程师搭建起更安全的建筑。我们感兴趣的是不同的建筑属性会如何影响人们对极端暴力事件的反应。这是我们在现实世界中无法轻易操纵的东西。但在虚拟现实中，所有这些都是可能的，在安全和道德上也是可能实现的。很快，教师和办公室工作人员将接受测试，看看在各种办公室和学校建筑设计里上演的虚拟暴力事件中，他们会做出合种反应。到时候将使用类似于这个的跑步机，以便他们可以奔跑或行走。

The designers will look at the number of exits, hiding places and weather glass windows should be clearer frosted based on the recommendations of government and security experts. Burcin Becerik-Gerber specializes in intelligent environments. There are so many recommendations out there and there is so much money being invested on these recommendations. But they’re not well tested in the real world in terms of how they play out. A design features such as frosted glass may keep people safe in a situation like this, but may not be ideal in normal circumstances, such as when school staff want to see inside a classroom. I think the answer is having more dynamic kinetic elements. Instead of thinking building elements as static, we’re talking about maybe frosted versus normal glass. But they can have the intelligence when the building senses the threats. So a clear glass window can become frosted, Becerik-Gerber adds when there’s a threat, artificial intelligence and sensors and buildings can make this possible. It could be the case that were there are sensors and then they pick up the noise levels.

设计者将根据政府和安全专家的建议，查看出口、藏身地点的数量，以及防风雨玻璃窗是否应该制成磨砂面。柏克银·贝斯里克·格尔博专攻智能环境的研究。在这一方向上外界给出了很多建议，针对这些建议也有大笔资金投入其中。但在现实世界中，没有办法很好地去检测这些建议是否真的可行。像磨砂玻璃这样的设计可能会在这样的情况下保证人们的安全，但在正常情况下可能会不便使用，例如当学校工作人员想要观察教室里面的情况的时候。我认为这一问题的解决答案是投入更多的动态动力学元素。 不把建筑元素想成一成不变的，而把目光投向比如将磨砂玻璃和普通玻璃进行对比。但当建筑感觉到威胁时，它们可以智能感应。所以透明的玻璃窗可以变为磨砂面，贝斯里克·格尔博补充道，当存在威胁时，人工智能传感器和建筑可以使之成为可能。如果安装了传感器，那么它们就会接收到噪音。

And if there’s a shooting obviously there will... it will come with some increased noise levels and shouting another... other are there clues. So the building can have, for example, dynamic walls that lock up, maybe, the bad actor in the building. An intelligent building can produce digital signage that points occupants to the safest exits away from the violence. If we have the right mindset and and the willingness to implement, they’re not very high-tech. So I don’t believe we are too far from having these kind of intelligent environments. Once researchers understand how different design features influence people’s behavior, they can design better buildings and know which types of technologies will keep people safe during an act of mass violence.

如果发生枪击，肯定会提高噪音、有枪击声，还会有其它线索。所以建筑里面可以设计动态墙壁，使之可以把坏人锁定在其中。智能建筑可以制作数字标牌，将居住者指向远离暴力的最安全出口。如果我们有正确的观念和乐于实施的意愿，其实这些并不是很难实现的高科技产品。所以我认为我们离拥有这样的智能环境并不是太远。一旦研究人员了解了不同的设计特征如何影响人们的行为，他们就可以设计出更好的建筑，并知道哪些类型的技术可以在大规模暴力行为中保护人们的安全。