VOA常速英语2019--阿富汗和巴基斯坦缺乏清洁的水，阻碍了根除脊髓灰质炎（在线收听）

Lack of Clean Water Impeding Eradicating Polio in Afghanistan and Pakistan

Administering the polio vaccine is a simple procedure, but in parts of the world, vaccinators risk their lives to protect children from lifelong paralysis.

接种脊髓灰质炎疫苗是一个简单的程序，但在世界上的一些地方，疫苗接种者冒着生命危险来保护儿童免受终身瘫痪。

Earlier this year, vaccinations stopped during a tribal protest in Pakistan, polio workers were attacked, harassed and killed after anti-vaccine rumors spread on social mediaand as a result the number of polio cases increased.

今年早些时候，巴基斯坦部落抗议停止了疫苗接种，反疫苗的谣言在社交媒体上传播后，脊髓灰质炎工作人员遭到攻击、骚扰和杀害，导致脊髓灰质炎病例数量增加。

Yet despite the dangers, many workers persist in their efforts to end polio.

然而，尽管存在这些危险，许多工作人员仍坚持不懈地努力消灭脊髓灰质炎。 

It mostly affects children 5 and under.

它主要影响五岁及五岁以下儿童。 

And since 1988, when the global effort to eradicate polio started, the number of cases has declined by 99.9%.

自一九八八年全球根除脊髓灰质炎的努力开始以来，病例数下降了百分之九十九点九。 

2018 only two countries Pakistan and Afghanistan reported cases of the wild polio virus.

二零一八年，只有巴基斯坦和阿富汗报告了野生脊髓灰质炎病毒病例。 

In Pakistan and Afghanistan, clean water is hard to come by, making it harder to eradicate the virus.

在巴基斯坦和阿富汗，干净的水很难获得，这使得根除病毒更加困难。 

It spreads through tainted water and because of poor hygiene.

而且由于不卫生，它通过受污染的水传播。 

That two samples are telling us that there is a polio virus around that’s a danger sign, that is a red line,and it can only be circumvented when we are giving polio drops to everybody around.

那两个国家的样本告诉我们周围有脊髓灰质炎病毒这是一个危险的信号，这是一条红线，只有当我们给周围的每个人注射脊髓灰质炎疫苗时，它才能被绕过。

To prevent children from getting polio, they need to be vaccinated and revaccinated especially where there’s poor sanitation.

为了防止儿童感染脊髓灰质炎，他们需要接种疫苗，尤其是在卫生条件差的地方需要复种。 

In those environments with frequent infections, about 15 times doses is what is considered adequate.

在那些频繁感染的环境中，大约十五倍的剂量就足够了。 

One of the problems in Pakistan and Afghanistan is getting to the children.

巴基斯坦和阿富汗的问题之一是涉及到儿童。 

Many families migrate back and forth between the countries, making it hard to vaccinate every single child.

许多家庭在这些国家之间来回搬家，使得很难给每个孩子接种疫苗。 

The virus was in one country and both countries need to work together and they’re increasingly doing that,

病毒在一个国家，并且两国需要合作，而且他们正在越来越多地这样做， 

and sharing data and coordinating dates for vaccination campaigns and sharing surveillance data and all of that is having is having an impact.

共享数据，协调疫苗接种活动的日期，共享监测数据，所有这些都产生了影响。 

The goal is to end transmission of the wild polio virus.

目标是结束野生脊髓灰质炎病毒的传播。 

There’s no set end date but getting to the end is essential.

没有固定的结束日期，但是到达终点是至关重要的。 

Unless you get to zero cases because it’s such a contagious disease and an epidemic prone disease we run the risk that it will spread again globally.

除非没有病例，因为这是一种传染性疾病，是一种容易流行的疾病，我们面临着它将再次在全球传播的风险。

Success is by no means assured, but the Global Polio Eradication Initiative intends to continue its campaign until no child ever again gets polio.

虽然不能确保取得成功，但全球根除脊髓灰质炎行动计划打算继续其运动，直到不再有儿童患脊髓灰质炎为止。