VOA常速英语2019--阿富汗和巴基斯坦根除不了骨髓灰质炎（在线收听）

Administering the polio vaccine is a simple procedure, but in partsof the world, vaccinators risk their lives to protect children from lifelongparalysis.

接种脊髓灰质炎疫苗是个简单的程序，但世界上有些地方，疫苗接种者冒着生命危险来保护儿童，以防终身瘫痪。

Earlier this year, vaccinations stopped during a tribal protest inPakistan, polio workers were attacked, harassed and killed after anti-vaccinerumors spread on social media and as a result the number of polio casesincreased. Yet despite the dangers, many workers persist in their efforts toend polio. It mostly affects children 5 and under. And since 1988, when theglobal effort to eradicate polio started, the number of cases has declined by99.9%. In 2018, only two countries Pakistan and Afghanistan reported cases ofthe wild polio virus.

今年早些时候，巴基斯坦部落抗议停止疫苗接种，反疫苗的谣言在社交媒体上大肆传播，脊髓灰质炎工作人员遭到攻击、骚扰和杀害，最后，得脊髓灰质炎的人数量增加。然而，尽管有危险，许多工人仍坚持努力消灭脊髓灰质炎。它主要影响五岁及五岁以下儿童。自1988年全球根除脊髓灰质炎的努力开始，病例数下降99.9%。2018年，只有巴基斯坦和阿富汗报告了野生脊髓灰质炎病毒病例。

In Pakistan and Afghanistan, clean water is hard to come by, makingit harder to eradicate the virus. It spreads through tainted water and becauseof poor hygiene. That two samples are telling us that there is a polio virusaround that’s a danger sign, that is a red line, and it can only becircumvented when we are giving polio drops to everybody around.

在巴基斯坦和阿富汗，干净的水很难获取，使得根除病毒更加困难。由于不卫生，它通过受污染的水传播。那两个国家的样本告诉我们周围有脊髓灰质炎病毒，这是个危险信号，这是条红线，只有当我们给周围每个人注射脊髓灰质炎疫苗后，它才能被绕过。

To prevent children from getting polio, they need to be vaccinatedand revaccinated especially where there’s poor sanitation. In thoseenvironments with frequent infections, about 15 times doses is what isconsidered adequate. One of the problems in Pakistan and Afghanistan is gettingto the children. Many families migrate back and forth between the countries,making it hard to vaccinate every single child.

为了防止儿童感染脊髓灰质炎，他们需要接种疫苗，尤其是在卫生条件差的地方需要复种。在那些频繁感染的环境中，大约15倍的剂量就足够。巴基斯坦和阿富汗的问题之一是涉及到儿童。许多家庭在这些国家之间来回搬家，所以很难给每个孩子接种疫苗。

The virus was in one country and both countries need to worktogether and they’re increasingly doing that, and sharing data and coordinatingdates for vaccination campaigns and sharing surveillance data and all of thatis having is having an impact. The goal is to end transmission of the wildpolio virus.

病毒在一个国家，并且两国需要合作，而且他们正在越来越多地这样做，共享数据，协调疫苗接种活动的日期，共享监测数据，所有这些都产生了影响。目标是结束野生脊髓灰质炎病毒的传播。

There’s no set end date but getting to the end is essential. Unlessyou get to zero cases because it’s such a contagious disease and an epidemicprone disease we run the risk that it will spread again globally. Success is byno means assured, but the Global Polio Eradication Initiative intends tocontinue its campaign until no child ever again gets polio.

没有固定结束日期，但到达目标至关重要。 除非没有病例，因为这是一种传染性疾病，是一种容易流行的疾病，我们面临着它将再次进行全球传播的风险。虽然不能确保成功，但全球根除脊髓灰质炎行动计划打算继续持续下去，直到不再有儿童患脊髓灰质炎。