2019年经济学人 一周要闻 中美贸易谈判重启 阿根廷实施资本管制 印度精简国有银行（在线收听）

The Argentine government introduced emergency capital controls, restricting the amount of dollars that people and firms can buy. The measures are meant to stop money gushing out of the country amid a run on the peso, which has tumbled as investors fret that October’s presidential election will be won by a ticket that includes Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, a former president whose spendthrift policies ruined the economy.

阿根廷政府实施了紧急资本管制，限制了个人和公司的美元购买量。这些措施旨在阻止资金在比索贬值带来的资金外流。由于投资者担心10月份的总统大选将由包括前总统克里斯蒂娜·费尔南德斯·德基什内尔在内的候选人赢得，比索应声大幅下挫。克里斯蒂娜·费尔南德斯·德基什内尔的挥霍政策摧毁了阿根廷经济。

India’s economy grew by 5% in the second quarter compared with the same three months last year, the country’s slowest growth rate in six years and well below market forecasts. Separate figures showed that domestic car sales slumped in August (by 49% for Tata Motors compared with August 2018) and that manufacturing activity was cooling rapidly. More government stimulus is now on the cards.

印度经济第二季度同比增长5%，为该国六年来最低增速，远低于市场预期。另一项数据显示，8月份印度国内汽车销量大幅下滑(与2018年8月相比，塔塔汽车下滑49%)，制造业活动正在迅速降温。更多的政府刺激计划如今正在酝酿之中。

The Indian government also announced plans to streamline the country’s state-controlled banks, which hold lots of bad debt, cramping their ability to lend, and proposed that ten state banks be merged into four new ones. Markets gave the idea a cool reception.

印度政府还宣布了精简国有银行的计划，并提议将10家国有银行合并为4家新银行。国有银行持有大量坏账，政府也限制了它们的放贷能力。市场方面对这一举措的反应冷淡。

Australia’s GDP grew by 1.4% in the second quarter, the slowest pace since the financial crisis. Exports are booming, but consumers in the Lucky Country are reining in their spending.

澳大利亚第二季度GDP增长1.4%，为金融危机以来的最低增速。出口业正在蓬勃发展，不过这个幸运的国家的消费者们正在控制支出。

Turkey’s annual inflation rate fell to 15% in August, the lowest it has been for 15 months. Inflation soared to 25% at the end of last year amid a currency crisis. Today’s more stable lira and decreasing price pressures have boosted expectations that the central bank will again slash interest rates when it meets on September 12th, though probably by not as much as the 4.25-percentage-point cut to rates in July.

土耳其8月份的年通胀率降至15%，为15个月来的最低水平。去年年底，由于货币危机，通货膨胀率飙升至25%。如今更加稳定的里拉以及不断下降的物价压力提高了人们的预期，即央行将在9月12日开会时再次降息，尽管降息幅度可能不及7月份4.25%的幅度。

America and China agreed to resume high-level talks in early October to try to resolve their trade dispute. Negotiators last met in July and there is little hope that a breakthrough will come soon. There was evidence this week that the dispute is having an effect on manufacturing. Factory output in America surprisingly contracted in August for the first time in three years. In Britain manufacturing activity fell to a seven-year low. And in Germany a purchasing-managers’ index suggested that manufacturing had shrunk for an eighth consecutive month. Figures in China showed manufacturing contracting for the fourth month in a row.

中国和美国同意在10月初恢复高层会谈，试图解决两国的贸易争端。谈判代表上次会面是在7月份，当时谈判取得突破的希望渺茫。本周有证据表明，这场争端正对制造业产生影响。令人惊讶的是，美国8月份的工厂产量出现了三年来的首次萎缩。英国制造业活动跌至7年来的最低点。德国采购经理人指数显示，制造业已经连续第八个月萎缩。中方数据显示，制造业连续第四个月出现收缩。