VOA慢速英语2019 目前口服疫苗引起了更多脊髓灰质炎病例（在线收听）

More Polio Cases Now Caused by Oral Vaccine

Four African countries have reported new cases of polio linked to the oral vaccine meant to protect against the disease.

四个非洲国家报告了脊髓灰质炎新病例，这些病例与预防该病的口服疫苗有关。 

Health numbers show more children are now being paralyzed by viruses from the vaccinations than wild polio viruses.

健康数据显示，与野生脊髓灰质炎病毒相比，现在因接种疫苗而瘫痪的儿童更多。 

Last week, the World Health Organization, or WHO, and partners noted nine new polio cases caused by the oral vaccine in Nigeria, Congo, Central African Republic and Angola.

上周，世界卫生组织（WHO）及其合作伙伴注意到尼日利亚、刚果、中非共和国和安哥拉出现了9例口服疫苗引起的脊髓灰质炎新病例。

Seven other African countries have similar cases, they said.

他们说，其他七个非洲国家也出现类似的情况。 

WHO and its partners also noted the problem in Asia.

世界卫生组织及其合作伙伴还注意到亚洲的问题。 

Of the two countries where polio remains widespread – Afghanistan and Pakistan – cases linked to the vaccine have been found in Pakistan.

在脊髓灰质炎仍然广泛流行的两个国家（阿富汗和巴基斯坦）中，在巴基斯坦发现与疫苗有关的病例。

In rare situations, the live virus in the oral vaccine can change into a form capable of causing polio infections.

在极少数的情况下，口服疫苗中的活病毒可以转变成能够引起脊髓灰质炎感染的形式。 

All the current cases that came from oral vaccines have been linked to a Type 2 virus contained in the vaccine.

目前所有来自口服疫苗的病例都与疫苗中含有的一种2型病毒有关。 

The Type 2 wild virus was eradicated years ago.

2型野生病毒早在几年前就被根除了。 

Polio, short for poliomyelitis, is a highly infectious disease.

Polio（小儿麻痹症）是poliomyelitis的缩写（小儿麻痹症），是一种传染性很强的疾病。 

It spreads in water or food and usually affects children under the age of 5.

它通过水或食物传播，通常影响5岁以下的儿童。 

About one in 200 infections leads to paralysis.

大约每200例感染中就有1例导致麻痹。 

Among those, a small percentage die when their breathing muscles no longer work.

其中，一小部分人在呼吸肌肉不再工作时死亡。 

Last week, donors promised $2.6 billion to fight polio as part of a plan aimed at eradicating the disease by the year 2000.

上周，捐助者承诺提供26亿美元用于抗击脊髓灰质炎，这是旨在到2000年根除该疾病的计划的一部分。

The plan was launched in 1988.

该计划于1988年启动。 

Since then, numerous targets for defeating the disease have been missed.

从那以后，许多战胜这种疾病的目标都没有实现。 

To eradicate polio, more than 95 percent of a population needs to be vaccinated.

要根除脊髓灰质炎，95%以上的人口需要接种疫苗。 

For a long time, WHO and partners have depended on oral polio vaccines partly because production costs are low.

长期以来，世卫组织及其合作伙伴一直依赖口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗，部分原因是生产成本较低。 

In addition, the oral vaccines are easy to give, requiring only two drops per dose.

此外，口服疫苗方便给予，每剂只需两滴。 

Western countries use a more costly injectable polio vaccine that contains an inactivated virus, one that cannot cause polio.

西方国家使用一种更昂贵的可注射脊髓灰质炎疫苗，其中含有不会导致脊髓灰质炎的灭活病毒。 

WHO officials work with the Independent Monitoring Board, or IMB, to measure polio eradication.

世卫组织官员与独立监测委员会(IMB)合作，以衡量根除脊髓灰质炎的情况。 

In a report this month, the IMB warned that polio virus from vaccines is “spreading uncontrolled in West Africa.”

国际货币基金组织在本月的一份报告中警告说，疫苗中的脊髓灰质炎病毒正在西非“不受控制地蔓延”。

The report said its spread raises important questions and problems for the eradication process.

报告说，它的传播给根除进程带来了重要的问题。