VOA慢速英语2019 印度尼西亚的教育落后于邻国（在线收听）

Education in Indonesia Lags Behind Neighbor Countries

Indonesian students are among the lowest performers in Southeast Asia, says a recent report released by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD.

经合组织经济合作与发展组织最近发布的一份报告说，印尼学生是东南亚表现最差的学生之一。

The OECD Program for International Student Assessment, PISA, is a test given every three years to 15-year-olds across 79 countries. It examines student ability in math, reading and science. The results from the 2018 PISA place Indonesia in the bottom 10 of the countries.

经合组织国际学生评估计划（PISA）是每三年对79个国家/地区的15岁青少年进行的一项测试。它检查学生在数学，阅读和科学方面的能力。 2018年PISA的结果将印度尼西亚列为该国家/地区的后10名。

The findings point to education quality issues in Southeast Asia's most populous country.

调查结果指出了东南亚人口最多的国家的教育质量问题。

"It's a wake-up call for all of us in the education sector," or field, said Totok Amin Soefijanto, a policy expert at Paramadina University in Jakarta.

雅加达帕拉玛迪纳大学的政策专家托托克·阿敏·索菲扬托说：“这是教育界所有人的警钟。”

Indonesia has a large youth population in the country of 260 million. These young people represent considerable possibilities for economic growth. However, education problems can interfere with that aim.

印度尼西亚在该国有2.6亿青年人口。这些年轻人为经济增长提供了巨大的可能性。但是，教育问题可能会干扰这一目标。

Poorly qualified teachers are a major problem. Sixty-five percent of students PISA questioned said their teachers rarely provided direct feedback to them. The Indonesian government uses teacher ability tests. In 2015, three million teachers in the country took the test. The average score was 53 percent, reported University of Melbourne professor Andrew Rosser, who examined the results.

合格的教师是一个主要问题。在接受PISA检查的学生中，有65％的人表示，他们的老师很少向他们提供直接反馈。印度尼西亚政府使用教师能力测试。 2015年，该国有300万教师参加了考试。调查结果的墨尔本大学教授安德鲁·罗瑟（Andrew Rosser）表示，平均分数为53％。

The tests have not been repeated since then. Paramadina University's Soefijanto thinks they should be. "Because if we don't measure this," he said, "we don't know where their skills are decreasing."

从那时起，就不再重复测试了。帕拉马迪纳大学的Soefijanto认为应该。他说：“因为如果不衡量这一点，我们就不知道他们的技能在哪里下降。”

One in five teachers often misses school, the World Bank reported in 2017.

世界银行在2017年报告称，五分之一的老师经常失学。

Indonesian teachers also work for low wages and are often appointed as favors to others, Rosser says.

Rosser说，印度尼西亚的教师也为低工资工作，并经常被别人所青睐。

Hundreds of native languages are spoken in the island nation, adding to the complexity of its education system.

该岛国使用数百种母语，这增加了其教育系统的复杂性。

Under military ruler Suharto from 1965 to 1998, the Indonesian school system was highly centralized. But as the government moved towards democratic reform, control of educational policy began moving to local governments. Because Indonesia covers an area of 15,000 islands, this spread makes it difficult to establish national education guidelines or teacher qualifications.

1965年至1998年，在军事统治者苏哈托（Suharto）的领导下，印度尼西亚的学校系统高度集中。但是，随着政府进行民主改革，对教育政策的控制开始转移到地方政府。因为印度尼西亚覆盖了15,000个岛屿，所以这种传播使建立国家教育指南或教师资格变得困难。

School populations growing

学校人口增长

The OECD report notes that Indonesia has made progress in getting children into school. From 2001 to 2018, those taking the PISA increased from 46 percent to 85 percent of 15-year-old students.

经合组织的报告指出，印度尼西亚在使儿童入学方面取得了进展。从2001年到2018年，参加PISA的人数从15岁学生的46％上升到85％。

The report says increasing student populations can create weaknesses in school systems. It points out that Indonesia's PISA results have remained about the same since 2001, suggesting the country "has been able to raise the quality of its education system."

该报告说，学生人数的增加会造成学校系统的弱点。报告指出，印尼的PISA成绩自2001年以来一直保持不变，这表明该国“已经能够提高其教育系统的质量”。

Indonesia's education minister, Nadiem Makarim, told the Indonesian newspaper Kompas that the PISA results "should not be packaged as good news." He announced this week that the country's national examination will be reworked to test students on math, reading and writing skills.

印度尼西亚教育部长纳迪姆·马卡里姆（Nadiem Makarim）告诉印度尼西亚《报纸》，“国际学生评价计划（PISA）的成绩“不应打包成好消息”。他本周宣布，该国的国家考试将重新进行，以测试学生的数学，阅读和写作能力。

Math was a difficult PISA subject for Indonesian students. Just one percent of those tested performed at the highest levels. This compares to 44 percent in mainland China and 37 percent in Singapore.

对于印尼学生而言，数学是一门很难的PISA科目。仅有百分之一的测试者表现出最高水平。相比之下，中国大陆为44％，新加坡为37％。

Some resources for math and science study have been reorganized to support other subjects, such as religion. Almost two-thirds of the country's secondary schools are private and offer Islamic education. Students at these schools generally score lower on tests than students at nonreligious schools, a 2017 study reported.

重组了一些数学和科学研究资源，以支持其他学科，例如宗教。该国几乎三分之二的中学都是私立学校，提供伊斯兰教育。 2017年的一项研究显示，这些学校的学生考试成绩通常比非宗教学校的学生低。

Indonesia spent about 3.6 percent of its gross domestic product on education in 2015, lower than neighbors like Malaysia and Vietnam. The amount, however, observes a constitutional requirement to spend 20 percent of the national budget on education.

印尼2015年的教育生产支出占国内生产总值（GDP）的3.6％，低于马来西亚和越南等邻国。但是，这笔款项符合宪法规定，将国家预算的20％用于教育。

In the meantime, there is one area in which Indonesian students score high: 91 percent of them report "sometimes or always feeling happy," a full six points higher than the world average.

同时，在一个地区中，印尼学生得分最高：91％的印尼学生表示“有时或总是感到幸福”，比世界平均水平高出整整6分。

Words in This Story

lag - v. to move more slowly than others : to fail to walk or move as quickly as others

feedback - n. helpful information or criticism that is given to someone to say what can be done to improve a performance or product

gross domestic product – n. the total value of the goods and services produced by the people of a nation during a year not including the value of income earned in foreign countries — abbreviation GDP