美国国家公共电台 NPR 退休制度改革引发全国大罢工 法国陷入瘫痪（在线收听）

Strikes and protests paralyzed much of France today over a plan where details haven't even been released. President Emmanuel Macron wants to overhaul the country's retirement system. Major unions in France's left-wing parties have vowed to fight whatever he proposes. They're hoping today's protests will turn into weeks of gridlock and force the government to back down. NPR's Eleanor Beardsley reports from Paris.

ELEANOR BEARDSLEY, BYLINE: Nurses, pilots, teachers and train drivers were just some of the hundreds of thousands who walked off the job and into the streets to protest Macron's plans to simplify the nation's complex pension system. Unions say more than a million people took part in the nationwide protests.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

UNIDENTIFIED CROWD: (Singing in French).

BEARDSLEY: In Paris, marchers made their way through the city, chanting and carrying signs with slogans like, real revolt, fake deficit. Documentary filmmaker Phillippe Pichon was one of them.

PHILIPPE PICHON: (Through interpreter) I'm out here against this government, which has little by little dismantled everything French society has built up since World War II — unemployment insurance, retirement, health care. Macron is managing France like a company on the stock exchange.

BEARDSLEY: Members of Macron's government appeared on TV...

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UNIDENTIFIED OFFICIAL: (Speaking French).

BEARDSLEY: ...Trying to assure viewers the overhaul would be equitable and would even benefit those penalized under the current system, like women on maternity leave. Gilles LeGendre is head of the president's party in the National Assembly.

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GILLES LEGENDRE: (Speaking French).

BEARDSLEY: The goal of this reform is to unify the 42 different plans into one, he said, and to make sure once and for all that our retirement system is not subject to debt and the whims of the financial markets. The government has said it won't increase the retirement age. Still, retired engineer Christian Jeannot says he's having none of it.

CHRISTIAN JEANNOT: (Through interpreter) Considering what Macron's already done to social rights, this gives us a good idea of what he's going to do with our retirement. He's given millions to billionaires, and he wants to take away what little the working class has.

(SOUNDBITE OF CHEERING)

BEARDSLEY: The crowd cheers as several men climb onto a rooftop and unfurl a banner. It says, big revolutions are born from little miseries.

(SOUNDBITE OF PROTEST AMBIENCE)

BEARDSLEY: The procession is blocked at Place de la Republique, where police confront young men clearly spoiling for a fight.

(SOUNDBITE OF TEAR GAS CANISTER EXPLODING)

BEARDSLEY: The air soon becomes thick with tear gas, and a large fire burns on a side street. Violence seems to have become a regular part of protest marches since the yellow vest movement last year. Protester Michel Robert wanted the crowd to push through the police line.

MICHEL ROBERT: The police is blocking every place, and we cannot demonstrate, and it's why everyone is going all around. And so we are saying, like, please just let us go and demonstrate as we have the right to do.

BEARDSLEY: The police say they made more than 90 arrests after the violence, but just a few blocks away, people were going about their day oblivious to the chaos. Twenty-three-year-old Marie Vanier was just trying to get to her theater class.

MARIE VANIER: So I've been walking for two hours because there is a strike going on. I actually have no idea what's going on, but I think it's a strike of people on the subway for sure.

BEARDSLEY: Macron's government says it's determined to improve the retirement system. The unions have extended their strike through Monday.

Eleanor Beardsley, NPR News, Paris.

今天，因一项计划引发的罢工和抗议导致法国大部分地区陷入瘫痪，不过目前详细情况还未公布。法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙希望改革该国的退休制度。法国左翼政党的主要工会誓要对抗马克龙提出的任何提案。他们希望今天的抗议活动能演变为持续数周的僵局，以迫使政府让步。NPR新闻的埃莉诺·比尔兹利将从巴黎带来详细报道。

埃莉诺·比尔兹利连线：包括护士、飞行员、教师和火车司机在内，数十万名民众罢工并走上街头，抗议马克龙简化法国复杂养老金系统的计划。工会表示，超过100万人参加了这场全国性抗议。

（录音档案）

身份不明的人群：（用外语高歌）。

比尔兹利：在巴黎，游行者举着写有“真实反抗，虚假赤字”等标语的标牌穿越城市，同时高喊口号。纪录片导演菲利普·皮雄是其中一名抗议者。

菲利普·皮雄：（经过翻译）我参加抗议是为了反对本届政府，因为他们一点点地摧毁了二战后建立的法国社会的一切——失业保险、退休制度和医保。马克龙治理法国的方式就像管理一家在股票交易所挂牌的公司。

比尔兹利：马克龙政府的工作人员在电视上发表讲话……

（录音档案）

身份不明的官员：（用法语讲话）。

比尔兹利：试图向观众保证，改革将是公平的，甚至会令那些在现有制度下处于不利地位的人受益，比如休产假的女性。吉尔斯·勒让德是法国国民大会马克龙政党的领袖。

（录音档案）

吉尔斯·勒让德：（用法语讲话）。

比尔兹利：他说，这一改革的目标是将42份不同计划整合为一份，以一劳永逸地确保我们的退休制度不会遭受债务和金融市场不确定性的影响。政府表示，他们不会提高退休年龄。但是，退休工程师克里斯蒂安·雅诺表示，他不会接受。

克里斯蒂安·雅诺：（经过翻译）想想马克龙对社会权利所做的改革，这使我们很清楚他会对我们的退休制度做什么。他已经令亿万富翁获益数百万元，现在他还想夺走工薪阶层仅有的福利。

（欢呼声）

比尔兹利：多名男子爬上房顶拉起横幅时，人群爆发出阵阵欢呼。横幅上写着：重大变革诞生于微小痛苦。

（抗议现场录音）

比尔兹利：游行队伍在共和国广场遇阻，因为警方与年轻男性的对抗演变为冲突。

（催泪瓦斯罐爆炸的声音）

比尔兹利：因为催泪瓦斯，空气迅速变得厚重，而且街边燃起大火。自去年爆发“黄背心”运动以来，暴力似乎已成为游行抗议的常态。抗议者迈克尔·罗伯特希望人群冲过警戒线。

迈克尔·罗伯特：警方在各个地方进行封锁，导致我们不能示威，这就是所有人都在到处走的原因。我们的想法是，请让我们进行示威，因为这是我们的权利。

比尔兹利：警方表示，暴力事件发生后，他们逮捕了90多人，但就在几个街区之外的地方，人们仍过着正常的生活，而且并不知道这些骚乱事件。23岁的玛丽·凡尼尔正试图去上戏剧课。

玛丽·凡尼尔：因为罢工，我要走两个小时。实际上我并不知道发生了什么，但我确定地铁工作人员在进行罢工。

比尔兹利：马克龙领导的政府表示，他们决心改进退休制度。工会已将罢工行动延长至周一。

NPR新闻，埃莉诺·比尔兹利巴黎报道。