美国国家公共电台 NPR 叙利亚土耳其争夺领土控制权 引发人道主义危机（在线收听）

Around 600,000 civilians have fled their homes in Syria's Idlib province in recent weeks, since Syrian and Turkish forces started fighting for control of the territory. The battle between the two sides has caused a humanitarian crisis, and it shows no signs of winding down.

最近几周，已有约60万名平民逃离叙利亚伊德利卜省，原因是叙利亚和土耳其军队开始争夺该地区的控制权。双方之间的斗争引发了人道主义危机，而且目前没有出现任何缓和迹象。

We have Associated Press reporter Bassem Mroue joining us from Beirut, Lebanon. He's been reporting on the Syrian conflict since the start of the civil war, and he joins us now. Thank you so much.

下面美联社记者巴塞姆·姆鲁伊将从黎巴嫩贝鲁特和我们连线。自从叙利亚内战开始后，他就一直在关注叙利亚冲突，现在他将和我们连线。非常感谢你。

BASSEM MROUE: Thanks for having me.

巴塞姆·姆鲁伊：谢谢你们邀请我。

GARCIA-NAVARRO: Tell us what the conditions are like for civilians trying to flee. Are the roads even safe?

加西亚·纳瓦罗：请介绍一下平民试图逃离的情况。道路还安全吗？

MROUE: Over the past two weeks, the situation has worsened a lot, with intense bombardment and a crushing government offensive that has captured more than 100 towns, villages and hamlets. The civilian population is taking the worst hit. Since December 1, when the bombing began, we have some 600,000 people, half of them children — have been fleeing to areas further north, toward the Turkish border. And extreme weather condition — it's cold. It's raining. They have — basically leaving their homes to go stay in tent settlements that are miles away.

姆鲁伊：过去两周，局势严重恶化，借助猛烈的轰炸和政府军碾压式的进攻，有100多个城镇、村庄和村落被占领。受影响最严重的是平民。自12月1日轰炸开始以来，已有约60万人向更北部地区和土耳其边境逃离，其中半数是儿童。他们遭遇了极端的天气情况——非常寒冷。而且还在下雨。基本上来说，他们离开自己的家园，住在几英里外的帐篷式定居点里。

GARCIA-NAVARRO: I mean, that must be incredibly difficult, considering that we've seen such a displacement of people in the civil war. But 600,000 at once — I mean, that's a big movement of people.

加西亚·纳瓦罗：想想我们在内战中看到的这种大规模流离失所，情况一定极为艰难。但是一下有60万人逃离家园——这真是一场大规模的人口流动。

MROUE: It is. Well, Idlib, where most of the fighting is taking place at the present time, is the last rebel stronghold in the country. And it's home to some 3 million people. Many of them have been displaced from other parts of the country. Their life has been moving from one misery to another.、

姆鲁伊：没错。伊德利卜省是目前战事最集中的地方，该省是叙利亚最后一个反对派据点。伊德利卜省大约有300万人口。其中大多数人是来自该国其他地区的无家可归者。他们的生活一直在从一种痛苦走向另一种痛苦。

GARCIA-NAVARRO: The situation is very dire.

加西亚·纳瓦罗：形势非常严峻。

MROUE: Yeah. The U.N. special envoy to Syria, Geir Pedersen, told the United Nations this week that what's happening in Idlib is — he called it, quote, "a humanitarian catastrophe." And he urged for an immediate cease-fire. But it doesn't look like it because, as we speak now, the offensive is still ongoing, and the Syrian troops have captured more areas.

姆鲁伊：对。本周，联合国叙利亚问题特使吉尔·彼得森对联合国表示，伊德利卜所发生的事情——用他的话说——是“一场人道主义灾难”。他敦促立即停火。但看起来并未如此，正如我们所说，进攻仍在进行，叙利亚军队占领了更多地区。

GARCIA-NAVARRO: So Syria's obviously trying to capture Idlib. It's the last rebel stronghold, as you mention. And their hope is, obviously, to end this conflict once and for all. What are Turkish troops doing there? Why is this territory significant for them?

加西亚·纳瓦罗：显然叙利亚在试图攻下伊德利卜省。你刚才提到，该省是最后一个反对派据点。显然，他们希望彻底结束这场冲突。那土耳其军队在那里做什么？为什么这块领土对双方来说意义重大？

MROUE: This area is very significant to Turkey because Idlib borders Turkey. And the Turks are worried that if the government keep going on in their offensive till the end, this will trigger a refugee crisis into Turkey. Turkey is already hosting 3.5 million Syrian refugees, and they cannot take more. So they want to make sure that they are there in case the government tries to move ahead with the offensive.

姆鲁伊：这个地区对土耳其来说至关重要，因为伊德利卜省与土耳其接壤。土耳其担心的是，如果政府持续进攻到最后，那可能将难民危机引入土耳其境内。目前土耳其已经接收了350万名叙利亚难民，无法接收更多。因此，他们希望确保他们在那里，以防政府试图继续进攻。

GARCIA-NAVARRO: Are there U.S. troops that are in the area?

加西亚·纳瓦罗：这个地区有美军吗？

MROUE: The last time we heard, there were U.S. troops. That was in October, when special forces killed the founder and leader of the Islamic State group, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. He was killed in an area in Idlib near the Turkish border, where he was hiding.

姆鲁伊：根据我上次的了解，该地区有美军。那是在10月，当时特种部队击毙了“伊斯兰国”创始人兼头目阿布·巴克尔·巴格达迪。他在土耳其边境附近的伊德利卜省被击毙，那里是他的藏匿地点。

GARCIA-NAVARRO: Last question. We've been hearing for a long time that the Syrian conflict might be in its end stages, that Bashar al-Assad, with the support from Iran and from Russia, might actually be able to end the conflict. Where do things stand right now in the grand scheme of things?

加西亚·纳瓦罗：最后一个问题。我们早就听说叙利亚冲突可能即将结束，得到伊朗和俄罗斯支持的巴沙尔·阿萨德也许能终结这场冲突。那从大背景来看，目前情况如何？

MROUE: Well, that's the thing. I mean, Idlib is going to be — if — whenever the government retakes it, it's going to mark the end of the opposition because then the rest of the country that's not under government control will be under the U.S.-backed Kurdish fighters. And President Assad himself repeated it several times that they will eventually get back all the land they lost.

姆鲁伊：的确如此。只要政府重新夺回伊德利卜省，那就标志着反对派的终结，因为届时不受政府控制的其他地区将由美国支持的库尔德武装人员来控制。阿萨德总统曾多次重申，他们最终会夺回所有曾经失去的土地。

GARCIA-NAVARRO: That's the Associated Press's Bassem Mroue. Thank you so much.

加西亚·纳瓦罗：以上是美联社记者巴塞姆·姆鲁伊带来的报道。非常谢谢你。

MROUE: Thanks for having me.

姆鲁伊：谢谢你们邀请我。