2020年经济学人 巴托比职场专栏--年轻人的工作偏好和就业市场不匹配(2)（在线收听）

The OECD points out that some of the fastest-growing occupations are rarely mentioned by young people. But surely the surprise is not that “user support technician” is ranked only 158th out of 543 professions and “computer user support specialist” appears in 229th place. Rather, it is astonishing that young people know that such jobs exist at all.

经合组织指出，一些增长最快的职业很少被年轻人提及。但令人惊讶的肯定不是“用户支持技术员”在543种职业中仅排在第158位，以及“计算机用户支持专家”排在第229位。更令人惊讶的是，年轻人竟然知道有这样的工作。

At least teenagers who want to tackle climate change, as many profess to, are in luck. America’s Bureau of Labour Statistics (bls) predicts that the two fastest-growing occupations over the next few years will be solar-photovoltaic installers and wind-turbine technicians.

至少那些想要解决气候变化问题的青少年，就像许多人声称的那样，是幸运的。美国劳工统计局预测，未来几年增长最快的两个职业将是太阳能光伏安装和风力涡轮机技术人员。

Some parts of the OECD survey are disturbing. Even though top performers in maths or science are evenly matched among males and females, a gender gap persists in terms of aspiration. More boys than girls expect to work in science or engineering—the average gap across the OECD is more than ten percentage points. The problem continues in higher education; with the exception of biological and biomedical sciences, degrees in stem subjects (science, technology, engineering and maths) are male-dominated. In America women earn just 35.5% of undergraduate stem degrees and 33.7% of PHDs.

经合组织调查的某些部分令人不安。尽管在数学或科学领域表现优异的男女学生势均力敌，但在志向方面，性别差距依然存在。相比女孩，更多男孩希望在科学或工程领域工作——经合组织调查的平均差距超过10个百分点。这个问题在高等教育中依然存在；除了生物和生物医学科学，stem学科(科学、技术、工程和数学)的学位都是男性主导的。在美国，女性只获得了35.5%的stem本科学位和33.7%的博士学位。