PBS高端访谈:让我们发起外卖容器大清理运动（在线收听）

JUDY WOODRUFF: Finally tonight, what started as one-woman crusade against styrofoam takeout containers quickly became a community cleanup effort involving volunteers from all walks of life. The NewsHour's Teresa Carey went to Durham, North Carolina to meet the entrepreneurs behind Green to Go.

TERESA CAREY: Crystal Dreisbach is fed up with trash produced from throwaway food containers.

CRYSTAL DREISBACH, Founder, Durham Green To Go: There's all this existing research evidence that styrofoam and other plastics are bad for our health, for the environment, for the people who manufacture them. Why are we still using them?

TERESA CAREY: Styrofoam is a form of plastic that contains the chemical styrene, which can cause impaired memory, vision and hearing loss, and cancer. After cities like San Francisco and Portland banned business from using styrofoam containers, Dreisbach drafted a similar city ordinance with the Durham's Environmental Affairs Board. But she ran into too many bureaucratic hurdles, and it failed to gain approval.

CRYSTAL DREISBACH: I was disappointed, but undeterred. And I realized at this point there are many other ways to encourage behavior change.

TERESA CAREY: Dreisbach decided to focus on small-scale change. She partnered with Amy Eller to launch Green To Go, a local takeout service that is garbage-free.

AMY ELLER, Board Member, Durham Green To Go: Most people get takeout food, and they don't even, they don't think that this is a problem. I'm taking on this container and I'm going to just throw it away. And that's just the way it's designed. They wouldn't have designed it this way if it was a problem, right?

TERESA CAREY: Here's how it works: The Green To Go team stocks restaurants with reusable takeout containers. At a member's request, the restaurant packs food orders in checked-out Green To Go containers. Once finished, patrons return the dirty container to stations across the city. Green To Go volunteers pick up, wash, sanitize, and redistribute clean containers to the restaurants.

CRYSTAL DREISBACH: Trash is preventable, and we can do this by offering consumers and restaurants another option, a sustainable option.

TERESA CAREY: For Dreisbach, such an option was long overdue. Durham County landfill filled up and closed in 1999. Now, each day, the county's trash is hauled 100 miles to a dump in Sampson County. Assistant solid waste manager Patricia Fossum sees trash as an environmental and economic issue.

PATRICIA FOSSUM, Assistant Solid Waste Manager, City of Durham: When you put that handful of stuff in your trash can, you stop thinking about it, because it's no longer your problem. Well, it comes here to us.

TERESA CAREY: Green To Go launched last summer after a successful crowdfunding campaign. By the end of the summer, more than 30 restaurants will offer the service. Seth Gross' restaurant was one of the first to sign up.

SETH GROSS, Owner, Bull City Burger and Brewery: When we opened Bull City Burger and Brewery seven years ago, I actually had this crazy idea. I went to the health department and I said, so I want people to be able to bring their own tupperware or plastic container in, and we're going to put the food in it for them. Are you cool with that? And they said, absolutely not. Now, apparently Green To Go has finally figured out a way to do that and make the health department happy.

TERESA CAREY: Like most states, North Carolina does allow consumers to bring in cups to be refilled with beverages, such as soda or coffee. For many members, Green To Go is more than a container service.

BRYANT HOLSENBECK, Green To Go Member: Six years ago, it just occurred to me, I'm like, I'm going to try to live without single-use plastic. One of the hardest things for me to do was not to eat out, or to eat out, yet to eat it all. So, now there's like 20 or 30 restaurants in Durham where I can eat out no problem.

TOBIN FREID, Green To Go Member: I think a little bit more carefully about, do I need the plastic silverware and all that other stuff? It's made me more thoughtful about the amount of waste that I'm generating.

TERESA CAREY: Duke University's Environmental Science Program calculated the impact Green To Go has on reducing waste. They found that one Green To Go container replaces the need for on average 1,000 disposable takeout containers. With the average American disposing of 4.5 pounds of trash each day, Dreisbach and Eller said that reuse is a critical solution to the global waste problem.

AMY ELLER: I want to see a future where it would never even occur to somebody to take their coffee in a cup that they're then going to throw away.

CRYSTAL DREISBACH: The take-and-trash economy that we live in is unsustainable, and we want to move to a circular economy that we believe is the future. The reuse of all things is possible. You name it, the sky's the limit.

TERESA CAREY: With startup resources provided by a business incubator program, Dreisbach and Eller plan to upgrade the technology, expanding Green To Go to other cities. For the PBS NewsHour, I'm Teresa Carey in Durham, North Carolina.

朱蒂·伍德拉夫：最后，今晚，一场针对泡沫塑料外卖容器的女性个人运动很快成为一项社区清理运动，参与的志愿者涉及各行各业。《新闻时报》的特蕾莎·卡蕾前往北卡罗来纳州达勒姆，拜访了Green to Go背后的企业家们。

特蕾莎·卡蕾：德雷斯·德里斯巴赫对一次性食品容器产生出的垃圾感到十分厌烦。

德雷斯·德里斯巴赫，创始人，达勒姆Green to Go：现有的研究证据表明，泡沫塑料和其他塑料对我们的健康，环境以及制造它们的人都有害。我们为什么还在使用它们？

特蕾莎·卡蕾：聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料是一种含有化学苯乙烯的塑料，它可以导致记忆，视力和听力损失以及癌症。在旧金山和波特兰等城市禁止使用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料容器后，德里斯巴赫与达勒姆环境事务委员会起草了类似的城市法令。但她遇到了太多官僚主义的障碍，她的草案未能获得批准。

德雷斯·德里斯巴赫：我很失望，但没有被吓倒。我在这一点上意识到还有很多其他方法可以鼓励这种行为的改变。

特蕾莎·卡蕾：德里斯巴赫决定专注于小规模的变革。她与艾米·埃勒合作推出Green To Go，这是一家无垃圾的本地外卖服务。

艾米·埃勒，董事会成员，达勒姆Green To Go：大多数人都会买外卖食品，但他们甚至没有，他们认为这不是问题。我在用它盛东西，而且我一会儿要把它扔掉。这就是它的设计方式。如果这是一个问题，他们不会这样设计，对吧？

特蕾莎·卡蕾：以下是它的工作原理：Green To Go团队为拥有可重复使用外卖容器的餐厅提供服务。根据会员的要求，餐厅在已签出的Green To Go容器中包装订单食品。完成后，顾客将用过的饭盒送回城市的各个车站。Green To Go的志愿者们为餐馆提供取餐，清洗，消毒和重新分配干净容器的服务。

德雷斯·德里斯巴赫：垃圾是可以预防的，我们可以通过为消费者和餐馆提供另一种选择，一种可持续的选择来实现这一目标。

特蕾莎·卡蕾：对于德里斯巴赫来说，这样的选择早就应该做出了。达勒姆郡垃圾填埋场于1999年填满并关闭。现在，每天，该郡的垃圾被运到100英里的桑普森县的一个垃圾场。助理固体废物管理员帕特丽夏·福瑟姆认为垃圾是一个环境和经济问题。

帕特丽夏·福瑟姆，助理固体废物管理员，达勒姆市：当你把那些东西放进垃圾桶时，你就不再考虑它，因为它不再是你的问题了。它来到了我们这里。

特蕾莎·卡蕾：去年夏天成功进行众筹活动后，推出了Green To Go。到本个夏末，超过30家餐厅将提供这项服务。赛斯·格罗斯餐厅是最早注册的餐厅之一。

赛斯·格罗斯，店主，牛市汉堡啤酒厂：当我们七年前开设牛市汉堡啤酒厂时，实际上我就有这个疯狂的想法。我去了卫生部门，我说，我希望人们可以带上他们自己的特百惠或塑料容器，我们会把食物放进去。你们觉得这么样？他们说，绝对不行。现在，显然Green To Go终于找到了办法，让卫生部门感到高兴。

特蕾莎·卡蕾：像大多数州一样，北卡罗来纳州确实允许消费者带上杯子来重新装满饮料，如苏打水或咖啡。对于许多会员来说，Green To Go不仅仅提供了一个容器服务。

布莱恩特·霍森贝克，Green To Go会员：六年前，它刚刚发生在我身上，我想，我将尝试不使用一次性塑料。有件事对我来说特别难，那就是不外出就餐，或者外出就餐，还要将饭全部吃掉。所以，现在在达勒姆有20或30家餐馆，我可以去外面吃饭，没问题。

托宾·弗里德，Green To Go会员：我想更加谨慎一点，我需要塑料银器和其他所有东西吗？这让我对我正在产生的废物量更加深思熟虑。

特蕾莎·卡蕾：杜克大学的环境科学计划计算了Green To Go对减少浪费所产生的作用。他们发现一个Green To Go容器取代了平均1,000个一次性外卖容器的需求。由于美国人平均每天处理4.5磅垃圾，德里斯巴赫和埃勒表示，再利用是解决全球废物问题的关键解决方案。

艾米·埃勒：我希望看到这样一个未来：某人甚至永远不会想要将他们的咖啡放入一个他们将要扔掉的杯子里。

德雷斯·德里斯巴赫：我们生活的垃圾收购经济是不可持续的，我们希望转向循环经济，我们相信这是未来。重用所有东西是可能的。随便你讲。

特蕾莎·卡蕾：凭借企业孵化器计划提供的创业资源，德里斯巴赫和埃勒计划将该技术升级，将Green To Go推广到其他城市。PBS 《新闻时报》，我是特蕾莎·卡蕾，北卡罗来纳州达勒姆市报道。