PBS高端访谈:好莱坞的好剧本是如何产生的（在线收听）

JUDY WOODRUFF: Franklin Leonard is the founder and the CEO of The Black List. The company is best known for supporting screenwriters through its annual survey of the best unproduced screenplays in Hollywood. In tonight's Brief But Spectacular, Leonard explains how the list has gradually introduced Hollywood to a diversity of new ideas and voices.

FRANKLIN LEONARD, CEO, The Black List: I was a junior executive in Leonardo DiCaprio's production company. My job was to find great screenplays, and I wasn't doing a very good job with that. So, I took a survey of my peers in the industry and said, send me a list of your 10 favorite scripts that haven't been produced. In exchange, I will send you the combined list, and that's what I did. The scripts that were on the list became movies, and those movies became very successful. I called it The Black List because as a double reference. It's a tribute to the writers who lost their careers during the Black List of the McCarthy era, and it was also an inversion of the notion that black somehow signified bad. What if there was a black list that people wanted to be on? The Black List Web site allows anybody on earth to upload their English language screenplay, and, in addition, you can pay a small fee to have that script evaluated by a reader who has experience reading screenplays in Hollywood. And if the script is well-received, receives, let's say, an eight out of 10 or better, we spread the good news of the script to over 4,000 industry members that range from assistants at the major agencies all the way up to studio presidents, A-list actors and directors. There've been over 1,000 screenplays on the annual Black List survey. More than 300 had been produced. Those movies have won more than 50 Oscars and more than 200 nominations. Four of the last nine best pictures were Black List scripts, Argo, Spotlight, Slumdog Millionaire, and The King's Speech. And 10 of the last 22 screenwriting Oscars have gone to annual Black List scripts. So it no longer matters whether you live in Los Angeles. It no longer matters what you look like, who you know. What matters fundamentally is, can you write a great screenplay that someone wants to turn into a movie? We're a catalyst for attention by saying, hey, everybody, everybody says this is good. It makes everybody say, maybe I should take a second look. I don't think Hollywood is inherently racist or sexist, any more than America is racist or sexist, which is to say that, historically, power has been accreted into the hands of a small group of people who come from very similar backgrounds. And until that power is dispersed and inclusive, it's hard to imagine a system that that isn't racist, sexist and many other things. The industry is making a subset of material based on a set of conventional wisdom that is all convention and no wisdom. And, as a consequence, the industry as a whole is not as profitable as it could be. My name is Franklin Leonard, and this is my Brief But Spectacular take on The Black List.

JUDY WOODRUFF: And you can watch additional Brief But Spectacular episodes on our Web site, PBS.org/NewsHour/Brief.

朱迪·伍德拉夫：富兰克林·莱纳德是“剧本黑名单”的创始人兼首席执行官。该公司最出名的当属为编剧提供支持，帮助其应对好莱坞尚未制作的剧本的年度调查。在今晚的《简短而精彩》中，莱纳德将阐释“剧本黑名单”是怎样逐渐让好莱坞充满新观念和新声音的。

富兰克林·莱纳德，“剧本黑名单”首席执行官：我曾担任过莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥名下某家制片公司的初级主管。我的职责是找到新的剧本，但我不太擅长做这件事。于是，我在同行的同辈人内做了一次调查，我请他们发给我自己最喜欢的10个尚未制片的剧本。作为交换，我会给你们发我最喜欢的10个剧本。我当时是这样做的。名单上的剧本就制作成了电影，这些电影都很成功。我将这个名单称之为“剧本黑名单”是有双关含义的。此举是向在麦卡锡黑名单时代丢掉工作的编剧致敬，而且“黑”总有种不好的含义，但这里的意思却是相反的。万一有那么一个黑名单是大家都想上的呢？“剧本黑名单”的官网允许所有人上传英文剧本。此外，在付一小笔费用后，还可以由一位读者来评估你的剧本。这位读者是在好莱坞有过阅读剧本经验的人。如果剧本收效好，比如，赞赏率达到80%甚至更高。我们就会在4000多名同行中散步推广这个剧本的美名，我说的同行，小到大机构的助理，大到工作室负责人、一线演员以及导演。每年，“剧本黑名单”会了解1000多部剧本的情况。期间有300多部剧本制成了影片。这些影片获得了50多部奥斯卡和200多次提名。其中9部最佳影片中的4部在“剧本黑名单”榜上有名，它们是：《逃离德黑兰》、《聚焦》、《贫民富翁》、《国王的演讲》。近期22部获得奥斯卡剧本奖中有10部出自“剧本黑名单”的年度剧本。所以，是否住在洛杉矶并不重要。个人的相貌也不在重要。最重要的是：你是否能写出让大家想拍成电影的剧本。我们是公众关注点的催化剂，我们会告诉大家公众的喜好是什么。会让大家多去关注好的剧本。我认为好来并非本来就有种族主义或者性别歧视的风气，这里和美国不同。也就是说，从历史的角度来讲，权力一直握在一小群人的手里，而他们的背景都很相似。在这股权力未得到分散、不具备包容性之前，很难想象整个体系能不再有种族歧视和性别歧视等风气。这个行业的连带习惯是以“传统智慧”：只有传统，没有智慧。这样做的后果是：整个行业达不到本该有的繁荣。我是富兰克林·莱纳德，这是我本期带来的与“剧本黑名单”有关的《简短而精彩》。

朱迪·伍德拉夫：想要观看更多的《简短而精彩》，可以登录我们的官网PBS.org/NewsHour/Brief。