PBS高端访谈:越来越多的教会为无证移民敞开大门（在线收听）

Judy Woodruff: But first, throughout his campaign for office, President Trump made halting illegal immigration and building a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border a central theme. Now, nearly a year since he was inaugurated, Immigration and Customs Enforcement says that arrests are up roughly 40 percent. But the president's policy has also inspired a renewed resistance. Special correspondent Duarte Geraldino reports from North Carolina on churches offering sanctuary to undocumented immigrants.

Duarte Geraldino: The doors of Umstead Park Church of Christ are unlocked, but Eliseo Jimenez is trapped within its walls. The 39-year-old is an undocumented immigrant with a standing deportation order, meaning Immigration and Customs Enforcement want him returned to his native Mexico. But he's not going.

Eliseo Jimenez: I'm not going to give up on my kids. I'm not going to take them away from their own country, take them away their rights to better education, better health care, better life.

Duarte Geraldino: Instead, he's chosen sanctuary in this church, relying on an ICE policy that says federal immigration agents won't apprehend people in so-called sensitive locations. It's part of a strategy to buy time to reopen his immigration case and to find a legal way to stay. Umstead Park United Church of Christ is one of a growing number of churches around the country that have publicly declared their opposition to existing U.S. immigration law by offering sanctuary to undocumented people facing deportation. Reverend Doug Long is the pastor here.

Rev. Doug Long: I want to be able to say to my grandchildren one day, maybe I didn't live during the height of slavery, maybe I didn't live through Nazi Germany, but when I had the opportunity, when we had the opportunity to offer refuge to a family in need, to an undocumented immigrant who was being deported, we did our best.

Duarte Geraldino: The sanctuary movement has its modern roots in the 1980s, when civil wars in Central America sent hundreds of thousands of political refugees into the U.S. seeking asylum. Church leaders sheltered them and were later prosecuted and convicted, though received no jail time. The movement was revived under President Obama, who critics called the deporter-in-chief for the record-high removals that happened under his watch. And since President Trump took office, the number of churches that have joined this movement, saying they're willing to shelter people or help do so, has grown from 400 to around 1,000.

Viridiana Martinez: The Trump effect is in new allies coming in, is in these churches stepping up like never before. That is the Trump effect.

Duarte Geraldino: Viridiana Martinez is the founder of Alerta Migratoria, Migration Alert, a nonprofit started during 2016, when many recent arrivals from Central America were detained and deported.

Viridiana Martinez: You know, at this point, it's not just a moral human rights thing. It's also a Christian duty to uphold Christian values and to be there for the people that are most vulnerable.

Duarte Geraldino: Umstead Park began hosting Jimenez in October 2017, after first undergoing legal training in to learn how to offer sanctuary. Pastor Long says both he and his congregation had many questions.

Rev. Doug Long: Is this legal? And in what ways might it not be legal? How might we get in trouble with our 501(c)(3) status? Can we provide enough volunteers to maintain this kind of ministry? How much does it cost?

Duarte Geraldino: After talking to legal counsel and other churches in the area, the congregation voted overwhelmingly to welcome Jimenez, converting a former office into a studio apartment. On weekends, his children, Alison and Christopher, stay with him. They sleep in a tent, a small touch meant to make the ordeal feel like an adventure. A church volunteer stays on the grounds 24 hours a day, sleeping on a mattress in the pastor's office, just in case immigration agents show up. Jimenez attends services and helps out around the church to pass the time, while, back at his old home in Greensboro, about an hour's drive away, his partner, Gabriela, who's also undocumented, works 50 hours a week and struggles to take care of their children.

Gabriela Martinez: They don't really understand what's happening. But they get frustrated. They cry like almost every night and every morning. They ask me why his father is not at home. What I just tell them is like, he's working in the church.

Duarte Geraldino: Jimenez says he first came to the U.S. when he was 17. In 2007, he was deported back to Mexico, but reentered the United States a month later, a federal felony. He did it, he says, to care for his then young children, who are U.S. citizens.

Eliseo Jimenez: Give them whatever they need for school, for clothes, or anything they need. That's just like I'm doing right now with my kids.

Duarte Geraldino: In 2013, he was arrested for auto theft, but he calls the case a misunderstanding. He borrowed a roommate's car without telling him. Court records show most of the charges were dropped, but he pled guilty to driving with a revoked license and failing to notify the DMV of an address change. He paid a fine. And under the Obama administration, he wasn't considered a priority for deportation. He obtained a work permit, paid taxes and was checking in with ICE officials each year. That all changed in 2017, when President Trump signed an executive order broadening ICE criteria to include anyone convicted or charged with any crime, and generally giving ICE agents far more discretion in whom they target for removal.

Viridiana Martinez: People are checking in as they had been in previous years, and they're being told, you have to pack up your bags and go.

Duarte Geraldino: That rising demand and Trump's election appear to be fueling this growing sanctuary movement. And yet it still represents only a tiny fraction of the broader Christian community.

Rev.Russ Reaves: We are to be people of the law, Romans 13, be in submission to governing authorities, because we recognize that God has allowed those authorities to be there, and therefore are good.

Duarte Geraldino: Russ Reaves is the former pastor at this church in Greensboro.

Rev.Russ Reaves: Biblical justice. Perfect justice.

Duarte Geraldino: He says he's worked hard to welcome immigrants into his congregation. But providing sanctuary, he says, is a step too far. A number of years ago, he was asked to do so, but refused.

Rev.Russ Reaves: I would say that a church has every right, and should, reach out to see that, are there felt needs there that we can meet? Is there some way that we can help them gain access to the system that would perhaps make them able to stay?

Duarte Geraldino: Everything but actually offering them sanctuary.

Rev.Russ Reaves: Essentially, yes. The most important thing we can do is to share our faith with them and to ground them in their relationship with God, so that, worst-case scenario, they do get deported, they go back to where they're from with a sense of divine purpose for their life.

Duarte Geraldino: With more people like Eliseo facing deportation, and the demand for sanctuary growing, more churches will likely wrestle with this debate. Remember Viridiana Martinez? She came to the U.S. when she was 7. She received Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA. And unless Congress acts, she too faces possible deportation this year. What about people like you?

Viridiana Martinez: I don't know. That's a good question to ask the American people. If this administration is really going to going to put their foot down and say, no, we're going to round all of you up, then I hope that we can have the support of churches, saying, we're going to open our doors to all of you.

Duarte Geraldino: More doors may be opening, but how long Eliseo Jimenez and others are willing to stay to avoid deportation is another matter. For the PBS NewsHour I'm Duarte Geraldino in Raleigh, North Carolina.

朱迪·伍德瑞夫：首先，在整个总统竞选期间，特朗普总统都将禁止非法移民作为一个核心内容，并在美国和墨西哥边境修建了一堵隔离墙。现在，他宣誓就职已将近一年，移民和海关执法局称（非法移民）逮捕人数大约上升了40%。但总统的政策也激起了新一波的抵抗热潮。特约记者杜阿尔特·基罗蒂诺从北卡罗莱纳州发回报道，称一些教堂正为无证移民提供庇护。

杜阿尔特·基罗蒂诺：乌姆斯特德公园基督教堂大门洞开，而埃利塞奥·希门尼斯却身困此地。这名39岁的男子是一名无证移民，正遭驱逐出境，这意味着移民和海关执法部门希望他回到自己的家乡墨西哥。但他不会去。

埃利塞奥·希门尼斯：我不会放弃我的孩子们。我不会把他们从他们自己的国家带走，剥夺他们接受更好教育，更好医保条件，享受更好生活的权利。

杜阿尔特·基罗蒂诺：他依仗着ICE的一个政策，即联邦移民局不会在所谓敏感地点进行逮捕活动，反而选择了这个教堂作为庇护所。这是在为重审他的移民案争取时间，以便（最终）找到合法途径留下。如今，全国各地越来越多的教会已经公开宣称，他们反对现有的美国移民法，乌姆斯特德公园基督联合教会便是其中之一，它们为面临驱逐出境的无证移民提供庇护。道格·朗牧师即在这里任职。

道格·朗牧师：我希望有一天能够对我的孙子们说，也许我生活的年代早已没有了奴隶制，也许纳粹德国的年代也早已离我远去，但当我有机会，当我们有机会为那些有需要的家庭提供庇护时，为一个被驱逐出境的无证移民提供帮助时，我们竭尽全力。

杜阿尔特·基罗蒂诺：移民保护运动的现代根源可追溯到20世纪80年代，当时中美洲发生内战，数十万政治难民涌入美国寻求庇护。教会领袖庇护他们，后来尽管未遭判刑，却遭起诉定罪。移民保护运动在奥巴马总统时期得以恢复。奥巴马因其政权执掌下创下新高的移民驱逐率遭受批评，人们称其为“驱逐首领”。自从特朗普总统就职以来，很多教会纷纷参与进来，声称它们愿意为这些无证移民提供庇护和帮助，这些教会的数量已从400增加到1000左右。

维莉迪安娜·马丁内兹：在这个新联盟中，特朗普效应已经产生。这些教会前所未有地站了起来。这就是特朗普效应。

杜阿尔特·基罗蒂诺：维莉迪安娜·马丁内兹是非营利组织Alerta Migratoria移民报警的创始人，该组织于2016年成立。当时，中美洲许多新移民遭到拘留和驱逐。

维莉迪安娜·马丁内兹：你知道，在这一点上，这不仅仅是道德人权问题。维护基督教的价值观，帮助最为弱势的群体，也是基督徒的责任。

杜阿尔特·基罗蒂诺：在接受完首次法律培训，学习如何提供庇护后，乌姆斯特德公园教堂于2017年10月对希门尼斯开始提供庇护。牧师朗说他和他的会众都曾有过很多问题。

道格·朗牧师：（比如，）这合法吗？哪些方面可能不合法？以我们501(c)(3)的身份去施以援手，会惹来那些麻烦呢？要做此事，我们的志愿者数量是否足够？这要花多少钱？

杜阿尔特·基罗蒂诺：在与该地区法律顾问和其他教堂交换意见后，全体会众都投票支持希门尼斯，将原来的一间办公室改造成了一个单间公寓。每到周末，他的孩子们，艾丽森和克里斯托弗，就和他呆在一起。他们睡在帐篷里，每一次小小的接触都让这次磨难变得好像一次冒险。有教堂志愿者一天24小时呆在院子里，睡在牧师办公室的床垫上，以防移民局的人突然出现。希门尼斯平日就帮教堂做事打发时间。而他在格林斯博罗的家，离这里也就约一个小时的车程。在那里，他的妻子加布里埃拉，也是一名无证移民，每周工作50小时，努力照顾着他们的孩子。

加布里埃拉·马丁内兹：他们并不真的明白发生了什么事情，但感到很沮丧。他们几乎早晚以泪洗面。他们问我为什么他们爸爸不在家。我只是告诉他们，他在教堂工作。

杜阿尔特·基罗蒂诺：希门尼斯说他17岁时第一次来到美国。2007年，他曾遭驱逐，回到墨西哥，但一个月后，再次回到美国，这是联邦重罪。他说，他这样做是为了照顾他那时年幼的孩子们，他们是美国公民。

埃利塞奥·希门尼斯：给予他们所需，供他们上学，给他们买衣服，给他们一切。就像对我的孩子们一样。

杜阿尔特·基罗蒂诺：2013年，他因盗窃汽车被捕，但他称此案是个误会。他未征得室友同意，就借了他的车。法庭记录显示大部分指控已被撤销，但他对使用已撤销执照驾车和未通知DMV地址变更，表示认罪。他付了罚款。奥巴马政府时期，他并非驱逐出境的重点人群。他获得了工作许可证，缴了税，每年会去ICE官员那里登记。而这一切都在2017年发生了变化，当时特朗普总统签署了一项行政命令，要求ICE扩大范围，将任何有过定罪或指控，犯过任何罪行的人，纳入驱逐范围，而且总体上给了ICE更大的自由裁量权，让他们清除目标人群。

维莉迪安娜·马丁内兹：人们像往年一样前去登记，却被告知，你得收拾行李离开这里。

杜阿尔特·基罗蒂诺：不断增长的（移）需求以及特朗普的当选，似乎为这一日益壮大的庇护运动把薪助火。然而，它仍只代表了广泛基督教团体中的一小部分。

拉斯·里弗斯牧师：我们要遵守罗马书第十三章，服从政府当局管理，因为我们认识到，上帝既然允许这些政府当局的存在，他们就是好的。

杜阿尔特·基罗蒂诺：拉斯·里弗斯以前在格林斯博罗的在这座教堂任牧师。

拉斯·里弗斯牧师：圣经的正义。完美的正义。

杜阿尔特·基罗蒂诺：他说他努力欢迎移民们加入他的教会。但他说，如果要提供庇护所，还远远不行。几年前，有人问过他，但遭到了他的拒绝。

拉斯·里弗斯牧师：我想说，一个教会有权，也应该走出去去看看，那里的需求有没有我们可以满足的？我们是否有办法可以帮助他们留下来？

杜阿尔特·基罗蒂诺：但不为他们提供庇护所。

拉斯·里弗斯牧师：从根本上来说是这样的。我们能做且最重要的事就是与他们分享我们的信仰，并稳固他们与上帝之间的联系。这样，如果最坏的情况发生，他们真被驱逐出境，回到他们的故土，仍会对生活有一种神圣的目的感。

杜阿尔特·基罗蒂诺：像埃利塞奥那样面临驱逐窘境的人越来越多，避难所的需求也不断增长，将可能有更多教会加入这场角力。还记得维莉迪安娜·马丁内兹吗？她7岁时来到美国，受到了“童年入境暂缓遣返”计划的保护。除非国会采取行动，否则她今年也可能遭到驱逐。像你这样的人怎么样？

维莉迪安娜·马丁内兹：我不知道。这是个好问题，该问问美国人。如果这届政府真的打算坚定立场，说，不，我们要将你们连锅端起，那么我希望能够得到教会的支持，说，我们将向你们所有人敞开大门。

杜阿尔特·基罗蒂诺：可能会有更多的门打开，但埃利塞奥·希门尼斯他们为免遭驱逐出境，愿在教堂里待多久则是另一回事。PBS NewsHour，我是杜阿尔特·基罗蒂诺，从北卡罗莱纳州，罗利发回报道。