PBS高端访谈:欧洲移民问题悬而未决（在线收听）

JUDY WOODRUFF: While the U.S. grapples with migrants coming to the U.S.-Mexico border, European leaders continue their struggle with the far bigger influx of refugees and migrants landing on their shores from the Middle East, Africa, and beyond. As William Brangham reports, the compromise E.U. leaders forged last night leaves many questions unanswered.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: After a marathon all-night summit in Brussels, leaders from the European Union agreed to create formal centers to process migrants trying to enter Europe. German Chancellor Angela Merkel applauded the deal.

ANGELA MERKEL, German Chancellor (through translator): After intensive discussion on perhaps the most challenging topic for the European Union, it's a good message that we agreed on a common text.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Michael Peel covered the meeting for The Financial Times.

MICHAEL PEEL, The Financial Times: It calls for centers within the E.U. countries where migrants can essentially be redistributed and their asylum claims processed, and then they move on from there. And the idea there is to take some of the pressure off the so-called front-line Mediterranean states, where most migrants arrive from, from North Africa.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: But, late last night, any agreement seemed in jeopardy, amid competing, stark differences among the leaders and a growing, anti-immigrant sentiment in Europe. Italy's newly elected prime minister, Giuseppe Conte, was swept to power in part by concern over the hundreds of thousands of migrants who've entered Italy in recent years. Italy wanted other E.U. nations to promise to take more of the refugees who land on its shores. But others in Central and Eastern Europe, like Hungary's Viktor Orban, rejected any formal quotas for accepting migrants. Orban has for years argued that migrants from the Middle East and Africa are a threat to his nation and to Europe more broadly.

VIKTOR ORBAN, Prime Minister of Hungary (through translator): The most essential goal is preserving the security of Hungary and securing the future of Christian culture in Europe.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Michael Peel says nations like Hungary and the Czech Republic wouldn't have signed any deal that set binding requirements on them.

MICHAEL PEEL: Tells us a lot about the deep divisions in the E.U. about how to deal with migration, because this is something that Italy in particular, as well as other Mediterranean states, where most migrants arrive, did not want. They wanted a compulsory mechanism to force all countries in the E.U. to share the burden and share the responsibility. But there are some states in the E.U., including, notably, Hungary and other Central European states, who simply refuse to do that.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Germany's Angela Merkel is facing a domestic political revolt that threatens her political survival. She has staunchly advocated for migrants entering Germany, and it's unclear if this agreement will quell that fight. Merkel did insert language into the deal that gets E.U. nations to agree to combat what's known as secondary migration. That's when migrants arrive in one country and apply for asylum, but then migrate to other E.U. countries. Concern over that second step has been one of main complaints of Merkel's domestic opponents.

MICHAEL PEEL: Angela Merkel can say that she got something from this summit. The Italian government can say that it got something from this summit. But the price of cobbling together this agreement in the early hours of the morning was that it has left a lot of things very vague. There are very few actual obligations to carry through in this agreement. And so critics say this is simply kicking the can down the road, and this is not a long-term solution.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: While the number of migrants trying to enter Europe has declined since its peak in 2015, thousands still try the dangerous journey every month, and their plights will no doubt continue to roil European politics. For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm William Brangham.

朱蒂·伍德拉夫：当美国与来自美墨边境的移民纠缠时，欧洲领导人们则继续与大批涌入的难民及移民做着斗争，这些难民及移民来自中东、非洲及其他地区。

如威廉·布拉汉姆报道，欧盟各领导人昨晚达成的协议留下了诸多疑问。

威廉·布拉汉姆：在布鲁塞尔举行的马拉松式通宵峰会后，欧盟各领导人同意成立正式中心来处理欧洲移民问题。德国总理安吉拉·默克尔对这表示赞赏。

安吉拉·默克尔，德国总理（通过翻译）：这个话题或许是欧盟最具挑战性的话题，在经过激烈的讨论后，终于迎来了一个好消息，那就是我们就此达成了一致。

威廉·布拉汉姆：迈克尔·皮尔为《金融时报》报道了此次会议。

迈克尔·皮尔，《金融时报》：这项提议呼吁在欧盟各国成立中心，移民基本上可以获得重新分配，他们的庇护要求可以得到处理，然后他们可以从那里继续生活。这个想法为所谓的前线地中海国家卸掉了一些压力，这些国家是大多数来自北非的移民选择的目的地。

威廉·布拉汉姆：但是，昨晚，任何协议似乎都处在危险之中，处在争斗之中，各国领导人之间的意见存在明显分歧，反对移民的情绪在欧洲不断上涨。意大利新当选的总理朱塞佩·孔特重掌大权，部分原因正是由于近几年来进入意大利的数十万移民。意大利希望其他欧盟国家承诺承担更多在其海岸线登岸的移民。但在其他中东欧国家，比如匈牙利的维克托·奥尔班，拒绝接受任何移民正式配额。多年来，奥尔班一直认为来自中东和非洲的移民对他的国家是个威胁，同时也给欧洲带来了更为广泛的威胁。

维克托·奥尔班，匈牙利总理（通过翻译）：最根本的目标是维护匈牙利的安全，以及确保欧洲基督教文化的未来。

威廉·布拉汉姆：迈克尔·皮尔说，像匈牙利和捷克共和国这样的国家不会签署任何对他们有约束力要求的协议。

迈克尔·皮尔：这告诉我们，关于如何处理移民问题，欧盟内部产生了严重分歧，因为这是，尤其是意大利，还有其他地中海国家不想看到的，这些国家是大多数移民选择的登岸地点。他们希望能有一个强制机制，迫使欧盟所有国家，共挑重担，分担责任。但欧盟中有一些国家，很明显包括尤其是匈牙利和其他中欧国家，他们拒绝这么做。

威廉·布拉汉姆：德国的安吉拉·默克尔正面临一场威胁她政治生存的国内政治反叛。她坚决主张移民前往德国，目前还不清楚这项协议是否能平息这场争斗。默克尔确实力劝欧盟各国达成这项协议，使他们同意对抗所谓的二次移民。也就是说，移民来到一个国家，申请庇护，然后又移居到其他欧盟国家。对二次移民的关注一直是默克尔国内反对者们主要抱怨的内容之一。

迈克尔·皮尔：安吉拉·默克尔可以说她在本次峰会中有所收获。意大利政府可以说它在本次峰会中有所收获。但是，在清晨，把这项协议凑在一起的代价是，其中有很多事情非常模糊。在这项协议中很少涉及要履行的实际义务。所以批评家们说，这只是在拖延时间，而不是一个长期的解决方案。

威廉·布拉汉姆：虽然尝试进入欧洲的移民数量，自2015年高峰期以来，有所下降，但每个月仍有数千人尝试这段危险的旅程，而他们的困境无疑会继续对欧洲政治进行搅扰。PBS新闻一小时，我是威廉·布拉汉姆。