PBS高端访谈:特朗普试图彻底推翻移民体系（在线收听）

AMNA NAWAZ: Well, President Trump is returning to a familiar issue. That's immigration. He is slated to deliver a speech on a new plan tomorrow. Tonight, our Yamiche Alcindor is at the White House. She was just briefed on what we can expect. Yamiche, you have just come from the White House. So, what do we expect the president to say tomorrow?

YAMICHE ALCINDOR: Well, this is really the president saying he wants the change everything about the immigration system as it stands now and really overhaul it, despite concerns by Democrats and Republicans. So I want to walk you through his plan. The first is changes to the legal immigration system. He wants to first focus on keeping the numbers of immigrants the same in the United States, but changing the composition. So, to look at that, he's going to be focused on merits and skills, he says. But the caveat here is that he's going to be cutting the number of immigrants that are coming here with family ties from 56 percent to 33 percent. So, that's half the number of people. He also wants to cut in half the number of people coming here with humanitarian ties and asylum seekers. They want to go from 22 percent to 10 percent. And, lastly, they want to increase the number of people coming on skills visas from 12 percent to 55 percent, so really focusing on skills there. He also wants to simplify the visa system. He's looked at other countries like Australia and Canada. And he wants to make it basically a lot quicker to be able to get a visa to the United States. The second big portion of this is a big border security bill. In that, the president wants to keep his signature campaign promise, which is building a border on the southern, building a wall on the southern border. He also wants to modernize ports of entries across the United States and specifically at the southern border. And to do that, he wants to look at new technology and people smuggling drugs into the United States. He also wants to, interestingly enough, unify families separated by the Trump administration. Now, that's, of course, the White House essentially saying, we want to be able to take all the families that we had separated and really identify them and put them together. The caveat there is that courts have already been telling the Trump administration that they have to do that. And Democrats say, while they're happy to see that in the plan, they think that that's something that the courts are going to make them do anyways. The big things that aren't included in this, DACA, which, of course, is focusing on immigrant that were brought here as minors by adults, and also temporary protected status, which are immigrants who came because of natural disasters. And there's also no plan for millions and millions of undocumented immigrants who are already living in the United States. So Republicans would say that that's no amnesty. Democrats would say there's no pathway to citizenship.

AMNA NAWAZ: Yamiche, just less than 30 seconds left. It's a lot to cover. Does this plan have any way of moving forward through Congress?

YAMICHE ALCINDOR: The simple answer is that it's dead on arrival in Congress. Democrats, including Congresswoman Pramila Jayapal, has been telling me this isn't a plan. Democrats have also been telling me it's not serious. Republicans have been saying, especially Lindsey Graham, who is an ally of the president, has been saying that this plan isn't really supposed to become law. And Susan Collins said, unless there are dreamers included in this, she won't be able to support it either.

AMNA NAWAZ: Yamiche Alcindor with the very latest from the White House, thanks, Yamiche.

YAMICHE ALCINDOR: Thanks.

阿姆纳·纳瓦兹：特朗普总统又开始提移民的话题了。特朗普准备明天发表关于移民新计划的演讲。今晚，我台记者阿尔辛多已经来到了白宫。她将为我们带来有关移民问题的报道。阿尔辛多，你已经抵达白宫。你对明天特朗普总统演说的内容有怎样的预测呢？

阿尔辛多：现在的情况是——特朗普总统坚持要实现移民体系的彻底转变，推翻以前的体系。不过，很多民主党人和共和党人都有深深的忧虑。所以我想先带大家回顾一下特朗普的计划。首先是对合法的移民体系进行改革。特朗普总统首先希望在保持美国移民人数不变的情况下，改变其组成方式。他表示，对于这一点，他主要注重品德和技能。但这里有一点要注意：特朗普将会削减拖家带口的移民数量，从56%降至33%。那么，这就削减了一半的人数了。对于获得人道主义援助或者庇护的移民，特朗普也想削减一半。即从22%削减到10%。最后一点是：对于持有技能签证的人来说，他们想从12%提升至55%。所以，可以说，真的很关注技能了。特朗普还想简化签证系统。特朗普还审视了其他一些国家的情况，比如澳大利亚、加拿大。特朗普希望美国的签证流程更快一些。关于特朗普的移民计划，第二个大头是维护边境安全的资金问题。在这一点上，特朗普希望能兑现自己在竞选期间的诺言——在南部边境建造边境墙。特朗普还希望能实现美国各入关口的现代化，尤其是南部边境的现代化。为了实现该目标，他希望审视新的技术和向美国走私毒品的移民。他还特别希望能让自己亲手分散的家庭团聚。白宫现在就对外宣称自己能让分散的家庭重聚。但有一点要注意：这一点是许多法庭对特朗普政府的要求。一些民主党表示，虽然他们很高兴能看到特朗普推出这样的计划，但他们认为特朗普政府是迫于法庭的压力才这样做的。特朗普计划中缺少了一个重要的元素?——“童年入境暂缓遣返”计划（DACA）。DACA专注于童年入境的移民以及因遭受自然灾害暂时受到保护的移民。而且计划没有考虑到无数已经在美国生活的非法移民。共和党认为在这件事情上没有特赦一说。民主党则会说特朗普政府没有为移民获得国籍提供渠道。

阿姆纳·纳瓦兹：阿尔辛多，我们只有不到30秒的时间了，但想要讨论的还有很多。该方案是否有什么办法能在国会通过呢？

阿尔辛多：答案显而易见——在计划到达国会之前就会被否。很多民主党议员，包括帕梅拉在内，一直都坚称这不是计划。很多民主党议员一直在说这份计划不够严肃认真。而共和党议员，尤其是林赛·格雷厄姆——特朗普总统的盟友，则一直坚称这份计划不会进入立法的。苏珊·柯林斯则认为，除非计划考虑有美国梦的人的福祉，否则她是不会支持的。

阿姆纳·纳瓦兹：以上是阿尔辛多从白宫发回的最新报道。

阿尔辛多：谢谢。