美国国家公共电台 NPR 叙利亚前情报官员德国受审 被控危害人类罪（在线收听）

For the first time, Syrian officials are going to trial to face accusations of war crimes. The trial starts tomorrow in a courtroom in Germany. It's two former Syrian officials who are charged. This is all the result of evidence gathered over years, and it happens as the Syrian regime seems to be on the verge of winning that country's long civil war. NPR's Deborah Amos has been covering this case. She joins me now.

叙利亚官员将首次接受审判，面临战争罪指控。审判将于明天在德国一家法庭开始。遭到起诉的是两名前叙利亚官员。这是数年来收集到的证据带来的结果，而这发生时，叙利亚政权似乎即将赢得该国漫长的内战。NPR新闻的黛博拉·阿莫斯一直在报道这起案件。现在她将和我连线。

Hey, Deb.

你好，黛布。

DEBORAH AMOS, BYLINE: Hi there.

黛博拉·阿莫斯连线：你好。

KELLY: Who is on trial, and what exactly are they charged with?

凯利：谁在受审，他们被控的具体罪名是什么？

AMOS: A former Syrian intelligence officer and an accomplice. They'll face Syrian torture survivors in a German court. The charges are crimes against humanity. There are some big ideas here — accountability, a war crimes trial in a national court, Germany, at a time when the international system of tribunals is stalled because Russia, a Syrian regime ally, has veto power at the U.N.

阿莫斯：一名前叙利亚情报官员和一名同谋。他们将在德国一家法庭面对叙利亚酷刑的幸存者。他们面临的指控是危害人类罪。这里涉及一些重要的想法——问责，在德国国家法庭进行战争罪审判，而且此时国际法庭系统已经陷入停滞，因为叙利亚政权的盟友俄罗斯在联合国拥有否决权。

KELLY: OK.

凯利：好。

AMOS: Here's another big idea. German prosecutors are using the legal principle of universal jurisdiction, and that means German law allows for prosecutions of crimes against humanity, torture, even though the defendant and the plaintiffs are not German citizens.

阿莫斯：还有一个重要的想法。德国检察官正在应用普遍管辖权的法律原则，也就是说，德国法律允许起诉危害人类罪和酷刑，即使被告和原告不是德国公民。

KELLY: Fascinating. So that's the exact — what they're being charged with, crimes against humanity?

凯利：不可思议。那他们被起诉的罪名就是危害人类罪吗？

AMOS: Exactly.

阿莫斯：没错。

KELLY: OK. I said this is — has come about because of evidence gathered over years. How did prosecutors build this case?

凯利：好。我刚提到起诉是基于多年来收集到的证据。那检察官是如何办案的？

AMOS: Well, I have to say that the Syrian regime has repeatedly denied all torture allegations, but the evidence is overwhelming. First, there are photographs — thousands — smuggled out of Syria by a police photographer, images of bruised and battered corpses. And they're tagged with dates and prison numbers. And then there's a trove of government documents. It was collected by Syrian activists, smuggled out to the Commission for International Justice and Accountability, CIJA. It's an independent nonprofit — more than 800,000 documents.

阿莫斯：我必须要说，叙利亚政权一再否认所有酷刑指控，但证据确凿。首先，有警方摄影师从叙利亚偷运出来的数千张照片，照片上是伤痕累累的尸体。上面有日期和监狱号码。还有大量政府文件。这些文件由叙利亚活动人士收集，被偷运到国际司法和问责委员会（简称CIJA）。这是一个独立非营利机构，涉及文件超过80万份。

And here's Chris Engels. He's director of investigation for CIJA. Those documents are part of the evidence in the German court.

来听一下克里斯·恩格斯的看法。他是国际司法和问责委员会的负责人。这些文件是德国法庭证据的一部分。

CHRIS ENGELS: What we hope to do with the documents is demonstrate who is in charge. And those documents, I think, are quite strong. What we need to do then is tie to that proof that abuse occurred under their watch. And that's where the importance of the victim testimony comes into play.

克里斯·恩格斯：我们希望用这些文件证明谁是负责人。我认为这些文件是相当有力的证据。之后，我们需要将这与他们监管下发生的虐待证据联系起来。这就是受害者证词发挥作用的重要性。

AMOS: Now, about a dozen Syrian torture victims are plaintiffs in this case. They'll tell their story in court. They'll face the accused, who's charged with crimes against humanity. Engels says this trial is about more than one mid-level official. The documents show systematic abuse across prisons in Syria.

阿莫斯：约12名叙利亚酷刑受害者是本案的原告。他们将在法庭上讲述自已的故事。他们将面对被控危害人类罪的被告。恩格斯表示，这次审判涉及不止一名中级官员。文件显示，叙利亚监狱存在系统化虐待行为。

ENGELS: It's quite clear the responsibility for that abuse goes all the way to the top.

恩格斯：很明显，要为这种虐待行为承担责任者可一直溯源到最高层。

KELLY: Deb, it's so striking, the image that it will be about a dozen torture victims who were the plaintiffs, who will be in court facing off against the men who've been charged. It prompts me to ask about all of the other people who have been tortured in this war. There are millions of Syrian refugees all over the world. Are they watching this particular trial closely?

凯利：黛布，这太令人震惊了，约12名酷刑受害者是原告，他们将在法庭上与被告对峙。这使我想询问在这场战争中遭受酷刑的其他人的情况。数百万名叙利亚难民遍布全球。他们是否在密切关注这场审判？

AMOS: I think many are, and here's one, Omar Alshogre. He's not testifying, but he survived three years in a Syrian prison.

阿莫斯：我认为许多人会关注，奥马尔·阿尔索格就是其中之一。他并没有作证，但他在叙利亚监狱度过了三年并存活了下来。

OMAR ALSHOGRE: I'm not sure if I can sleep the night before. I'm going to be thinking about those who are going to be standing in the court. It's so hurtful and painful. And it's powerful at the same time when you stand in front of the guy who ordered torture.

奥马尔·阿尔索格：我不确定前一天晚上能否入睡。我会想到那些将现身法庭的人。这真是既伤人又痛苦。但当你站在那些下令严刑拷打的人面前时，也是强大的。

KELLY: Powerful to hear that. And, Deb, just to situate this in the bigger context, in Syria, we mentioned it looks like the regime led by Bashar al-Assad, that he is going to win. Does that make this trial more significant in the sense that it's going to be one of the few vehicles for accountability?

凯利：听到这个会感觉到力量。黛布，请将这放到更大的背景下，我们此前提到过，看起来巴沙尔·阿萨德领导的叙利亚政权即将获得胜利。这是否会令这一审判更具意义？因为这将成为为数不多的问责工具之一。

AMOS: Look. This conflict was incredibly brutal — using starvation, torture, besieging towns, denying medical treatment. And there will be autocrats across the region watching to see if there is accountability to these tactics.

阿莫斯：你看，这场冲突极为残酷——饥饿、酷刑、包围城镇、拒绝医疗。这一地区的独裁者将关注这些策略是否要承担责任。

KELLY: Thank you, Deb.

凯利：谢谢你，黛布。

AMOS: Thank you.

阿莫斯：谢谢。

KELLY: NPR's Deborah Amos.

凯利：以上是NPR新闻的黛布拉·阿莫斯带来的报道。