美国国家公共电台 NPR 巴西成全球第二多确诊国家 美国对其发布旅行禁令（在线收听）

The U.S. is the undisputed leader in a contest no one wants to win. This country has by far more reported cases of the coronavirus than any other nation in the world. The number now tops 1.6 million people. Second on the list, not a country in Asia where the virus first appeared or in Europe where hot spots erupted in March and April, Brazil now holds the world's No. 2 tally of cases. And the U.S. just banned nearly all travel from Brazil. NPR's Philip Reeves is in Rio de Janeiro and joins us now.

在一场无人想赢的竞赛中，美国是当仁不让的领导者。美国报告的冠状病毒病例比世界上任何其他国家都要多得多。现在美国的冠状病毒累计病例已超过160万例。排在第二位的国家既不是最先出现疫情的亚洲，也不是三3月和4月成为疫情热点地区的欧洲，而是巴西，该国目前的病例总数位居全球第二。美国刚刚禁止了几乎所有来自巴西的旅行。NPR新闻的菲利普·里弗斯将从里约热内卢和我们连线。

Hey, Phil.

你好，菲尔。

PHILIP REEVES, BYLINE: Hi.

菲利普·里弗斯连线：你好。

CHANG: So give us an idea of how things are in Brazil right now.

张：请介绍一下巴西现在的情况。

REEVES: Well, things are bleak, and they're getting bleaker. The authorities are having a real struggle to get people to stay off the streets, to stay home and to wear masks. We've been seeing social isolation generally weaken even as infections and deaths are soaring. And it's no longer about cities and towns here anymore. COVID-19 is also spreading into Brazil's interior, including deep into the Amazon rainforest. Indigenous people there are dying in alarming numbers. For a lot of them, the nearest hospital capable of handling a serious case of COVID-19 is often hundreds of miles away.

里弗斯：情况非常不乐观，而且日趋恶化。有关部门难以让民众远离街道、待在家中、佩戴口罩。我们看到的普遍情况是，即使感染人数和死亡人数不断飙升，但社交隔离措施却遭到削弱。在巴西，这已经不仅是城市和城镇的问题。新冠肺炎还在向巴西内陆地区扩散，包括亚马逊雨林深处。该地区土著人的死亡数量相当惊人。对他们中的大多数人来说，最近一家能处理新冠肺炎严重病例的医院往往在数百英里之外。

CHANG: Right.

张：好。

REEVES: And, you know, and in large parts of the country, health systems are hanging by a thread. I mean, in this city Rio where I am right now, there's an alarming shortage of intensive care beds. In the public health system, reportedly, there isn't one vacant bed. The authorities here are supposed to have erected some field hospitals and have them up and running by now. But almost all of these have been delayed. So the situation is really worrying. And it's really worrying particularly for the most vulnerable members of the population, people who live in favelas, the heavily crowded low-income neighborhoods where community officials are reporting several hundred deaths.

而且，巴西大部分地区的卫生系统岌岌可危。在我目前所在的里约热内卢，重病监护床位的短缺情况令人震惊。据报道，公共卫生系统中已经没有一张空床。这里的有关部门本应建立一些野战医院，并在现在投入运营。但几乎所有计划都被推迟。因此，这里的情况令人相当担忧。而生活在贫民区和严重拥挤的低收入社区的最脆弱人群则尤为令人担心，社区官员报告称，这些地区已有数百人死亡。

CHANG: Well, Brazil's president, Jair Bolsonaro, has long derided the coronavirus. He's called it the little flu. Does it seem like he's changed his tune as the cases keep mounting there?

张：巴西总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗一直在嘲笑冠状病毒。他称这是小流感。在病例持续增加的情况下，他是否改变了态度？

REEVES: No, he hasn't changed his tune. He's against broad isolation because the economy's crashing, and he wants people to get back to work. That's one thing. But Bolsonaro is also systematically subverting social distancing. On Saturday, he left the presidential palace in the capital, Brasilia, to stop at a hot dog stall where people, of course, began to gather around him, as he knew they would. Yesterday, he came out again to greet a crowd of supporters and dived in without a mask. He seems to relish attracting headlines with this sort of swaggering behavior. He's shown very little sympathy for victims. The other day he remarked that more Brazilians are dying of fear than from the virus. And now, you know, to handle a national emergency of these unprecedented dimensions, you need consensus, you need leadership, you need unity. Bolsonaro seems to be contriving to achieve the exact opposite. And, remember, he's lost two health ministers in a month. The job is now being done by stand-in, a general from the army.

里弗斯：没有，他的态度并未改变。因为巴西的经济正在崩盘，他反对大范围隔离，希望民众重返工作岗位。这是其一。另外，博索纳罗还在系统地颠覆社交距离。周六，他离开位于首都巴西利亚的总统府，停在一个热狗摊前，当然，人们开始聚集在他周围，他知道他们会这样做。昨天，他再次走出总统府，和一群支持者打招呼，并在未戴口罩的情况下进入人群之中。他似乎很享受用这种行为来吸引新闻头条。他很少同情遇难者。前几天，他曾说死于恐惧的巴西人比死于冠状病毒的巴西人要多。现在，要处理这些规模空前的国家紧急状态，需要共识、领导力和团结。博索纳罗似乎在设法实现完全相反的情况。记住，他在一个月内更换了两名卫生部长。现在这个职位由一名陆军将军代职。

CHANG: Wow. Well, this travel ban from the U.S., I mean, how big of a blow is that to Bolsonaro? Because he has long boasted his — you know, he has close ties to the Trump administration. So how has he interpreted this latest move?

张：哇哦。美国颁布旅行禁令对博索纳罗的打击有多大？因为他一直吹嘘他与特朗普政府的密切关系。他如何解读这一最新举措？

REEVES: Well, officials from the Bolsonaro government are shrugging it off. They point out that President Trump's barred entry to other countries that are allies, including the British, European nations and so on, and that this is not about bilateral relations or diplomacy. You know, it's about trying to contain a global pandemic. And lots of countries in this region have shut their borders. Some of Bolsonaro's opponents, however, particularly on the left, are honing in on this. They're portraying it as a humiliating snub. They've long been critical of Bolsonaro's deep admiration for President Trump and his decision to realign Brazil's foreign policy by tilting it strongly in Washington's direction. They don't believe Brazil's benefiting sufficiently from that. And they cite this as another example.

里弗斯：博索纳罗政府的官员对此不屑一顾。他们指出，特朗普总统还禁止了其他盟友国家入境，这包括英国、欧盟等等，这与双边关系或外交无关。而是美国在试图控制全球流行病。这一地区的许多国家都关闭了边境。然而，博索纳罗的一些反对者，尤其是左翼，正在聚焦这一问题。他们将其描绘成耻辱性的怠慢。长期以来，他们一直批评博索纳罗对特朗普总统的深深景仰，以及他调整巴西外交政策使其向华盛顿的方向大力倾斜的决定。他们不相信巴西能从中得到足够的好处。他们将这作为另一个例证。

CHANG: Well, that is NPR's Philip Reeves in Rio.

张：好，以上是NPR新闻的菲利普·里弗斯从里约热内卢带来的报道。

Thank you so much, Phil.

非常谢谢你，菲尔。

REEVES: You're welcome.

里弗斯：不客气。