美国国家公共电台 NPR 美英加指责俄罗斯窃取疫苗成果（在线收听）

We still don't know which country or which company will be the first to develop a vaccine for the coronavirus. We do know that such a vaccine will be extremely valuable. And today U.S., British and Canadian intelligence agencies all said that Russian hackers are trying to steal information from Western health care organizations working on a vaccine. For more on this potential threat, we're joined now by NPR national security correspondent Greg Myre.

我们仍不知道哪个国家或公司率先研发出冠状病毒疫苗。但我们知道，这种疫苗一定极具价值。今天，美国、英国和加拿大的情报机构均表示，俄罗斯黑客正试图从研究疫苗的西方医疗机构窃取信息。NPR新闻的国家安全记者格雷格·迈尔将和我们连线，详细介绍这一潜在威胁。

Hey, Greg.

你好，格雷格。

GREG MYRE, BYLINE: Hi, Ailsa.

格雷格·迈尔连线：你好，艾尔萨。

CHANG: Hi. So what do we know about these attempted Russian hacks?

张：你好。我们对这些未遂的俄罗斯入侵事件有何了解？

MYRE: Well, we heard from the National Security Agency, along with their British and Canadian counterparts. They issued this coordinated statement — or statements, plural. Now, they say they're seeing these persistent attempts by Russian hackers to break into a range of organizations working on a potential vaccine. So it is a bit unusual for them all to put out a statement. They clearly wanted to amplify their message by putting out this information simultaneously and noting the joint efforts that are underway to detect and mitigate the threat.

迈尔：我们从美国国家安全局以及英国和加拿大的国家安全部门了解到了一些情况。他们发表了一份联合声明。他们称，他们发现俄罗斯黑客一再企图入侵多家疫苗研发机构。这些机构同时发表声明是非常不同寻常的事情。显然，他们想通过同时发表声明以及宣布开展联合行动检测和减轻威胁，来强化他们要传达的信息。

Western intelligence agencies say they're seeing these spear-phishing emails and attempts to insert malware. And as they examine these digital fingerprints, they believe these hackers are part of a Russian group that's formally known as APT29 or informally known as Cozy Bear.

西方情报机构表示，他们发现了这些定向钓鱼邮件以及插入恶意软件的尝试。对数字指纹进行检查后，他们认为这些黑客来自一个俄罗斯组织，该组织的正式名称为APT29，非正式名称为“舒适熊”。

CHANG: Cozy Bear — right. OK, Cozy Bear may sound familiar to some of our listeners. Remind us why we've heard of them before.

张：“舒适熊”。好，对我们的部分听众来说，“舒适熊”这个名字可能听上去很熟悉。请提醒一下我们为何以前听过这个名字。

MYRE: Well, they're linked to Russian intelligence, and they've been blamed for hacking into Democratic Party emails in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. They're part of one of several Russian intelligence agencies, and they're believed to be part of the Russian equivalent of the CIA.

迈尔：这个组织与俄罗斯情报部门有联系，他们被指责在2016年美国总统大选期间入侵民主党的电子邮件。该组织隶属于俄罗斯其中一家情报机构，被认为是俄罗斯类似于中央情报局的机构的一部分。

Now, in the U.S., the National Security Agency rarely comments on anything. But Anne Neuberger, who's NSA cybersecurity director, issued a statement saying that, quote, "APT29 has a long history of targeting governmental, diplomatic, think tank, health care and energy organizations." Russia pretty shortly afterward denied the accusation, saying it had nothing to do with this, according to a spokesman for Russian President Vladimir Putin.

美国国家安全局很少发表评论。但国安局的网络安全主管安妮·纽伯格发表声明称，“长期以来，APT29组织一直在攻击政府、外交、智库、医疗和能源机构。”俄罗斯迅速否认了这一指控，俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京的发言人表示，这与俄罗斯没有任何关系。

CHANG: OK. So do we know who was targeted by these hacks, I mean, and if any valuable information was stolen?

张：好。我们知道这些黑客攻击的目标吗？是否有重要信息被窃取？

MYRE: No, we don't at this point. The intelligence agencies didn't name any organization that's been targeted. The statements didn't say whether any of these alleged Russian efforts were successful or if they caused any real harm. And, of course, we should remember there is no vaccine yet, so there is no magic formula to steal right now.

迈尔：目前我们尚不清楚。情报机构未指出哪些组织遭遇了攻击。声明也没有提到俄罗斯的这些行动是否成功或是否造成了实质伤害。当然，我们应该记住的是，现在还没有疫苗研发成功，因此目前没有可以窃取的神奇配方。

CHANG: Right.

张：好。

MYRE: But that said, it's not too hard to figure out who the likely targets are. The U.S. government has provided money to some companies to work on a vaccine. The companies themselves have provided updates on their research and some preliminary results. And it appears that targets do go beyond just pharmaceutical companies. It can all be — also be university research labs or government health agencies.

迈尔：尽管如此，确定可能的目标并不太难。美国政府为一些公司提供资金，用于疫苗研发。这些公司会发布自已最新的研发成果和初步结果。目标似乎不仅仅是制药公司。可能还涉及大学研究实验室或政府卫生机构。

CHANG: I mean, there's clearly a fierce global competition to develop a vaccine. What might be the motives behind a hacking attempt like this, you think?

张：显然，疫苗研发领域存在激烈的全球竞争。这种黑客攻击背后的动机可能是什么？

MYRE: Well, really, several. First of all, this is what Russian intelligence agencies do. But this vaccine would be — will be extremely valuable financially. It'll be great prestige for the country that develops it first. And some are predicting that we're seeing, really, the first stages of vaccine nationalism. Perhaps most importantly at all — of all, the country that develops a vaccine can begin vaccinating its own people first. They...

迈尔：动机有多个。首先，俄罗斯情报机构就是这样做的。疫苗在经济方面肯定极具价值。率先研发出疫苗的国家将享有巨大的声望。有些人预测，我们会看到疫苗民族主义的第一阶段。也许最重要的是，研发出疫苗的国家可以首先为本国公民接种疫苗。

CHANG: Right.

张：好。

MYRE: ...Won't have to wait in a long line for what could be a very long process.

迈尔：他们不必排长队等待这一可能的极为漫长的过程。

CHANG: That is NPR's Greg Myre.

张：以上是NPR新闻的格雷格·迈尔带来的报道。

Thank you, Greg.

谢谢你，格雷格。

MYRE: My pleasure.

迈尔：不客气。