英国新闻听力 桑给巴尔岛毒品泛滥以及所引发的危机（在线收听）

桑给巴尔岛毒品泛滥以及所引发的危机(Drugs Abuse in Zanzibar and Devastating Influence)

同桑给巴尔岛的旅游业同样享有盛名的是毒品。越来越多的年轻人开始使用海洛因，但是因为海洛因的纯度已经不像以前那样高，于是人们就开始寻求新的、更加危险的方法去获得高纯度的海洛因。这些方法也许助长了艾滋病的扩散。

注释：

1,addict n. 入迷的人，上瘾的人 

2,devastating adj. 破坏性的 

3,abuse n. 滥用 

4,rehabilitation n. 康复，复原

5,detoxation n. 戒毒，戒瘾

ANNOUNCER: When I went to the Indian Ocean island of Zanzibar, off the coast of Tanzania a few years ago, I loved getting lost around the old alleyways of Stonetown and marvelling at the really white sand on the beaches. But what I didn’t realise was that as well as being famous for tourism, Zanzibar was starting to get a reputation for drugs. More young people are starting to use Heroin, but because it’s not as pure as it used to be, they’re finding new, more dangerous ways of getting a high. Ways, which might be spreading HIV. Daniel Dickinson reports from Zanzibar.

(Local language)

DANIEL DICKINSON: A young mechanic is taught the basics about fixing outboard motors at a workshop in Milindi, the port area of Zanzibar’s historic Stonetown. The man running this small workshop is 32-year-old Salem Jidawi, a former drug addict who was hooked on heroin for 15 years. He’s brought me to Milindi to show me Zanzibar’s drug scene. I’m looking through he bars of the workshop and can see groups of young men, huddled in dug out canoes on the shore just meters away, who Salem tells me are injecting heroin. This is a scene that tourists just don’t see. Heroin is readily available around here. Salem has just shown me a neatly wrapped packet of tinfoil which contains the powder which they call brown sugar. This costs around 1 USD. The problem is the quality is low. It’s mixed with flour or bleach. So addicts are increasingly injecting the drug rather than smoking or sniffing it, a technique called chasing the dragon.

(Local language)

AFRICAN MAN: The use of the injection began ages back, but due to the poor quality of the drugs itself, the drug users now get a better and higher kick from using injections, because it goes directly to the blood system. Chasing the dragon and other just don’t…doesn’t give the satisfaction they’re after.

DANIEL DICKINSON: Salem says his habit costs up to 15 USD a day. Cheap by western standards but prohibitably expensive on a island where the average wage is less than a dollar a day. Drug addicts who can’t afford heroin are now adopting a new practice which could have devastating consequences. It’s called “Flash blood” and involves not just the sharing of needles but also the sharing of blood. It works like this, the addict injects him or herself with heroin, then withdraws his own blood back into the syringe. The blood which has heroin in it is then injected by a second addict. Not surprisingly, doctors, especially those focused on the spread of HIV are extremely concerned. Doctor Stephen Esimba is a drug abuse specialist.

STEPHEN ESIMBA: Such sharing is terribly dangerous. If the.. the first person was HIV infected, automatically you get it as well, because of the.. the virus, the HIV virus. So, that is really a direct transmission.

DANIEL DICKINSON: The problem of HIV is under 1% in Zanzibar, well below the 7% on mainland Tanzania, but according to Dr Esimba, that could change.

STEPHEN ESIMBA: The spread of HIV can be very fast, depending on the number that are doing such practices of sharing. Once these people, individuals get infected, then if they also practice and self sakes that can speed up that whole vicious cycle you see, of where HIV transmission.

DANIEL DICKINSON: No one knows just how many addicts are using the flash blood technique. If the problem grows, there are concerns that Zanzibar does not have the facilities to deal with it. Nagini Hassan who works for Zia Dessa, a local NGO which helps addicts, says the only treatment option at the moment is a psychiatric hospital.

NAGINI HASSAN: When it’s very serious, they are sent there because sometimes, the…the…family itself can’t hold the problem anymore, so the only thing they do, they do send to the mental hospital.

DANIEL DICKINSON: Are there any other facilities available?

NAGINI HASSAN: No, I must say no. Some of the NGO in the government itself are trying to look for a rehabilitation or detoxation centre. It does need quite a lot of funds.

DANIEL DICKINSON: The danger of HIV transmission could help to solve that funding problem. There’s plenty of money from international donors for HIV/ AIDS initiatives, but little for drug abuse problems. Given the hidden nature of addiction and the lack of real data on Flash Blood, it may not become clear for some time just what response is required.

ANNOUNCER: Daniel Dickinson reporting from Zanzibar.

播音员：几年前我去过印度的桑给巴尔岛，它与坦桑尼亚海岸遥遥相望。那时，我爱上了那种迷落于古老石城巷道的感觉，对真正的白色沙滩惊叹不已。然而我并没有意识到，同桑给巴尔岛的旅游业同样享有盛名的是毒品。越来越多的年轻人开始使用海洛因，但是因为海洛因的纯度已经不像以前那样高，于是人们就开始寻求新的、更加危险的方法去获得高纯度的海洛因。这些方法也许助长了艾滋病的扩散。丹尼尔?迪克森从桑给巴尔岛发回的报道。

（地方语）

丹尼尔?迪克森：一个年轻的机修工正在Milindi的一个车间里学习修理发动机外侧的一些基本知识，此地是桑给巴尔岛历史石城的港口地区。经营这家小小车间的人是32岁的塞伦?志大卫，以前他是个吸毒者，吸食海洛因上瘾有15个年头。他带我来到了Milindi，让我见识了桑给巴尔岛的吸毒场面。通过车间的栅栏，我看到外面有一伙年轻人，他们在离我们只有几米远的海岸的独木舟上蜷在一起吸毒，塞伦告诉我，他们正在注射海洛因。这是个旅游者看不到的场面。在这里，已经可以轻易地得到海洛因。塞伦还给我看了一包用锡纸整齐包裹的东西，里面包着一些粉末的东西，这就是他们所说的褐糖。这一包大概要花上1美元，问题是它的质量不好，掺了面粉或者漂白粉在里面。所以那些毒瘾很大的人已经不限于抽食或者用鼻子吸就可以了，他们必须一直注射毒品才可以。这项方法被称之为追龙（吸烫方式）。

（地方语）

非洲人：使用注射毒品的方法几年前就有了，但是因为毒品的质量很低，一些吸毒者现在已经使用注射法，为的是效果更好，吸收更高，因为注射的方法是使毒品直接进入了血液系统。追龙和其他方法一样，以后都无法满足他们的快感。

丹尼尔?迪克森：塞伦称他的习惯是每天花上15美元以上来吸毒，同西方比起来，这种消耗已经很低了，但是在这个岛上来说，已经是很昂贵的了，因为这儿每天的工资还不到1美元。那些支付不起海洛因的毒瘾者现在采用了新措施，这将带来破坏性的后果，这就是所谓的“变血”，它不仅涉及到共同使用针头，还共同分享血液。好像是这样操作的，一个毒瘾者给自己注射了海洛因后，然后把自己的血液又抽到针管里，再将这个含有海洛因的血液注射到别人的身体里。所以，那些关注艾滋病传播的医生对此极度担忧，这不足为怪。斯蒂芬?埃斯姆巴医生是研究毒品滥用方面的专家。

斯蒂芬?埃斯姆巴：这样共同使用共同分享的方法非常非常的危险。如果前面的第一个人感染了艾滋病，自然你就会感染。因为是病毒……艾滋病毒，所以真的是一种直接的传播方式。

丹尼尔?迪克森：桑给巴尔岛的艾滋病率低于1%，而坦桑尼亚大陆是低于7%，但是现在听斯蒂芬?埃斯姆巴医生这样说来，情况就会有所改变。

斯蒂芬?埃斯姆巴：艾滋病的传染将是非常迅速的，这取决于有多少人使用共同分享这种方法。一旦这些人有人感染上艾滋病，那么他们还采用这种共同分享的方法吸毒，最终将会导致恶性循环，到处都有艾滋病的传播。

丹尼尔?迪克森：没有人知道究竟有多少人在使用这种“变血的”方法吸毒。如果问题继续恶化，就会带来对桑给巴尔岛没有设施机构来处理这种情况的担忧。纳给尼?哈森在Zia Dessa工作，Zia Dessa是当地的一个帮助吸毒者公益性组织，他说，现在治疗的唯一选择就是精神病院。

纳给尼?哈森：当变得很严重时，就把他们送到精神病院，因为有时，他们的家人再也不能控制，他们唯一能做的，就是把吸毒者送入精神病院。

丹尼尔?迪克森：还有其他有效的设施机构吗？

纳给尼?哈森：没有，我只能说没有。一些政府所属的公益性组织还在尽力的找寻康复中心或是戒毒中心，这确实需要大量的经费。

丹尼尔?迪克森：既然存在艾滋病传播的危险就应该可以解决经费的问题。因为有很多钱都是来自国际捐赠人对艾滋病的主动捐献，但是在滥用毒品方面，捐献是很少。因为毒瘾者的隐藏性和缺少确切的数据，所以在一段时间内还是搞不清状况，无法采取相应的措施。

播音员：丹尼尔?迪克森从桑给巴尔岛发回的报道。