2020年经济学人 一周要闻 全球旅游业进入大萧条 日产巨亏64亿美元 柯达股价飙涨2190%（在线收听）

The World Tourism Organisation said that up to the end of May the industry saw a 56% fall in tourist arrivals, year on year, translating to $320bn in lost revenue, three times more than in 2009, during the financial crisis. Although tourism accounts for a much bigger part of the economy in smaller countries, a few big economies will feel the hit, too. Tourism is worth 7% of GDP in France and 12% in Spain; they are the number one and two destinations for holiday-makers.

世界旅游组织表示，截至5月底，旅游业的游客数量同比下降了56%，收入损失达3200亿美元，是2009年金融危机期间的三倍多。尽管旅游业在较小国家的经济中所占比重要大得多，但一些大经济体也会受到冲击。旅游业占法国国内生产总值的7%，占西班牙国内生产总值的12%；法国是游客首选的旅游地，其次是意大利。

Goldman Sachs reached an agreement with the government of Malaysia to settle criminal charges related to the 1MDB scandal. The bank will pay $2.5bn to the government and guarantee it receives at least another $1.4bn from 1mdb’s assets that have been seized by authorities around the world. Malaysia’s finance ministry said the settlement represented Goldman’s acknowledgment of misconduct by two former employees.

高盛(Goldman Sachs)与马来西亚政府达成协议，就与一马发展公司（1MDB）丑闻有关的刑事指控达成和解。该行将向政府支付25亿美元，并保证该银行至少还能从一马发展公司的资产中再拿到14亿美元，这些资产现被世界各国政府查扣。马来西亚财政部表示，和解表明高盛承认了两名前雇员的不当行为。

Nissan said it was on course to register an annual net loss of ￥670bn ($6.4bn); sales in the latest quarter dropped by half compared with the same three months last year. Like most carmakers, Nissan is reeling from plunging demand during the pandemic. Bucking that trend, PSA, the maker of Peugeots and Citroens, reported a surprise profit for the first half of the year, even though revenues plummeted.

日产表示，本财年公司将净亏损6700亿日元(64亿美元);与去年同期相比，最近一个季度的销售额下降了一半。与大多数汽车制造商一样，日产也因疫情期间需求骤降而深受困扰。与此相反，标致和雪铁龙汽车的制造商标致雪铁龙公布称，尽管收入大幅下降，但上半年的利润却出人意料。

Jaguar Land Rover appointed Thierry Bolloré as its new chief executive. Mr Bolloré was ousted as CEO of Renault in a bout of corporate bloodletting last October, when the carmaker was still reeling from the Carlos Ghosn scandal. He will join JLR in September.

捷豹路虎任命蒂埃里·博洛雷为新任首席执行官。博洛雷先生在去年10月的一次公司大换血中被撤销了雷诺首席执行官的职务，当时这家汽车制造商深受卡洛斯·戈恩丑闻的困扰。博洛雷将于9月份加入捷豹路虎。

The average age of cars on American roads has approached almost 12 years, and around a quarter are at least 16 years old, according to IHS Markit. That is the highest in two decades; in 2002 the average age was around 9.5 years.

根据IHS Markit的数据，美国公路上行驶的汽车平均使用年限已接近12年，约四分之一的汽车车龄至少为16年。这是20年来的最高水平；2002年，平均车龄约为9.5年。

It failed to foresee the digital revolution that overthrew the market for camera film, but Kodak has been quick to seek out opportunities in the coronavirus crisis. The company signed a deal with the American government to make active pharmaceutical ingredients for generic drugs with the support of a development loan, the first under a programme to boost domestic production in response to covid-19. In the days following the announcement Kodak’s stock rose by 2,190%.

柯达未能预见到颠覆相机胶卷市场的数字革命，但它迅速在冠状病毒危机中寻找机会。该公司与美国政府签署了一项协议，在一笔开发贷款的支持下，生产用于仿制药的活性药物成分。这是为应对新冠疫情而促进国内生产项目中的第一份协议。在声明发布后的几天里，柯达的股票上涨了2190%。