美国国家公共电台 NPR 俄反对派领袖已脱离昏迷 德国考虑对俄实施制裁（在线收听）

Russia's leading opposition figure, Alexei Navalny, is awake. This is according to officials at a German hospital where Navalny was taken after falling violently ill on a flight in Russia. German doctors say Navalny was poisoned and that the toxin in his system is a type of novichok, which is a family of nerve agents developed by the former Soviet Union. NPR's Rob Schmitz is in Berlin, following this story. And he joins us now with the latest.

俄罗斯反对派领袖阿列克谢·纳瓦利内已经脱离昏迷。这是德国一家医院的官员所说，纳瓦利内在俄罗斯飞机上突生重病，之后被送往德国医院接受治疗。德国医生表示，纳瓦利内系中毒，他体内有“诺维乔克”类型的毒剂，这是前苏联研制的神经毒剂系列。NPR新闻的罗布·施密茨正在柏林追踪这起事件。现在他将带来最新报道。

Hey, Rob.

你好，罗布。

ROB SCHMITZ, BYLINE: Hey, Ailsa.

罗布·施密茨连线：你好，阿尔萨。

CHANG: So what did the German doctors who are treating Navalny say today about his condition?

张：治疗纳瓦利内的德国医生对他的病情怎么说？

SCHMITZ: Yeah. First, let me just explain that Navalny's family did not want him treated in Russia. They asked for him to be flown to Germany, and Germany agreed. And today the doctors at Charite Hospital here in Berlin said they've brought Navalny out of a medically induced coma. He's been weaned off of a mechanical ventilator. And they said he's responding to verbal stimuli, so that's a positive sign that he's able to hear his doctors and respond as well.

施密茨：好。首先，我要说明一下，纳瓦利内的家人不希望他在俄罗斯进行治疗。他们要求将他送往德国，德国同意了。今天，柏林查理特医院的医生表示，他们已经让纳瓦利内脱离了医学昏迷状态。他已经无需依靠呼吸机。他们说，他对语言刺激有反应，这是积极信号，说明他能听到医生的声音，也能做出反应。

CHANG: Yeah.

张：好。

SCHMITZ: You know, it was a big question how this nerve agent would impact his brain and overall nervous system. The hospital also said it's too early to gauge the potential long-term effects of his poisoning.

施密茨：重要的问题是，这种神经毒剂会对他的大脑和整个神经系统造成何种影响。医生还表示，现在评估中毒对他造成的潜在长期影响还为时尚早。

CHANG: Well, when do you expect the next update?

张：你预计下次公布最新情况是什么时候？

SCHMITZ: The hospital didn't say, but since he's out of a coma and he's responding to doctors, I'd imagine we'll hear more about his progress through this week.

施密茨：医院并未说明，不过既然他已经脱离昏迷，而且能对医生做出反应，我认为我们本周会听到更多他的恢复情况。

CHANG: All right. Well, let's talk about novichok. I mean, novichok is the same toxin that almost killed Sergei Skripal and his daughter...

张：好。我们来谈谈诺维乔克毒剂。这也是2018年时差点导致谢尔盖·斯克里帕尔及其女儿死亡的毒剂。

SCHMITZ: Right.

施密茨：没错。

CHANG: ...In 2018. Skripal was a former Soviet spy who had defected to the U.K. What have German officials said about the possible involvement of the Russian government in all of this?

张：斯克里帕尔曾是前苏联间谍，后叛逃英国。德国官员对俄罗斯政府牵涉其中的可能性有何说法？

SCHMITZ: Yeah. What was interesting about this is that German doctors say Navalny was poisoned by this nerve agent named novichok, and that was originally developed by the Soviet military more than a few decades ago and remains under control by Russia's government. And that's why toxicologists say it's extremely unlikely that a non-state actor was behind this. It was pretty clear that German Chancellor Angela Merkel felt the same way. Right after she found out there was novichok in his system, she went in front of the press to say that Navalny is a victim of a crime that was intended to silence him and that his poisoning is a violation of Europe's basic laws and values. She then said that serious questions remain and that only the Russian government can and must answer them.

施密茨：好。值得注意的是，德国医生说，纳瓦利内中的是诺维乔克神经毒剂，该毒剂最初由苏联军队在数十年前研制，目前仍由俄罗斯政府管制。所以毒物学家才说，幕后黑手不是非国家行为者的可能性极小。很明显，德国总理安格拉·默克尔也有同感。一发现纳瓦利内体内有诺维乔克毒剂，她就对媒体表示，纳瓦利内是旨在让他保持沉默的犯罪行为的受害者，其中毒事件违反了欧洲基本法和价值观。她接着称，严重问题仍然存在，只有俄罗斯政府能够而且必须回答。

CHANG: So what do we know about a German response? — because I remember the U.K. had expelled a lot of Russian diplomats, including some suspected intelligence agents, after the Skripal poisoning.

张：目前我们对德国的反应有何了解？我记得斯克里帕尔中毒后，英国驱逐了多位俄罗斯外交官，其中包括一些疑似情报人员。

SCHMITZ: Right. And Germany is weighing the same diplomatic sanctions. But Merkel is under a bit of political pressure from those in her own government to respond to Navalny's poisoning by putting a stop to the Nord Stream 2 project. Now, this is a 760-mile gas pipeline that's in the final stages of construction. And once it's finished, it'll carry billions of cubic meters of gas from Russia to Germany. And halting this project would certainly send a strong message to Putin, and many German politicians are calling on Merkel to do just that.

施密茨：没错。德国正在考虑采取同样的外交制裁措施。但默克尔面临着来自本国政府的政治压力，她被要求中止“北溪-2”项目，以此来应对纳瓦利内中毒事件。“北溪-2”是760英里长的天然气管道项目，目前正处于施工的最后阶段。一旦完成，它就将从俄罗斯向德国输送数十亿立方的天然气。暂停该项目无疑会向普京发出强有力的警告，许多德国政治家都呼吁默克尔暂停这一项目。

But this project has been in the works for years, and stopping it now would be a colossal waste of time and money for Germany, so it's unlikely that'll happen. And the political pressure on Merkel at the moment appears to be a bit of posturing from politicians who are looking at next year's election. Merkel has hinted that she'd prefer a more European-wide reaction to Navalny's poisoning.

但这个项目已经进行了很多年，现在中断对德国来说是对时间和金钱的巨大浪费，因此这不太可能发生。默克尔目前面临的政治压力似乎反映出着眼于明年大选的政治家的态度。默克尔暗示，她更喜欢对纳瓦利内中毒事件做出更广泛的欧洲回应。

CHANG: Well, what could a European-wide reaction look like?

张：更广泛的欧洲回应可能指什么？

SCHMITZ: Yeah. It could be anything from diplomatic sanctions to economic sanctions on Russia. What's clear from Merkel's messaging is that we will likely see some sort of retaliation either from Germany or the wider European Union.

施密茨：可能是涵盖从对俄罗斯的外交制裁到经济制裁的任何手段。从默克尔的态度中可以确定，我们很可能会看到来自德国或更广泛的欧盟的某种报复。

CHANG: That is NPR's Rob Schmitz in Berlin.

张：以上是NPR新闻的罗布·施密茨从柏林带来的报道。

Thank you, Rob.

谢谢你，罗布。

SCHMITZ: Thanks, Ailsa.

施密茨：谢谢，阿尔萨。