2020年经济学人 梵蒂冈财政--一团糟(1)（在线收听）

Small European enclaves have given financial regulators big headaches in the past.

过去，一些欧洲小国曾让金融监管机构头疼不已。

Two of them, San Marino and the Vatican, will be visited by inspectors from Moneyval,

来自Moneyval的检察员将拜访其中两个——圣马力诺和梵蒂冈，

the organisation set up to fight money-laundering and terrorist funding in Europe, in the final days of September.

该组织在九月末成立，目的是打击欧洲的洗钱和恐怖主义融资。

They will arrive at a delicate moment. Starting next spring, the European Union (EU) plans to pour about 209bn euro ($245bn) into Italy

他们到达的时刻微妙。从明年春季开始，欧盟计划向意大利注资约2090亿欧元（2450亿美元）

in order to help it recover from the covid-19 pandemic.

以帮助其从新冠疫情中恢复过来。

Even allowing for inflation and economic growth, that is more than was invested in the country through the post-war Marshall Plan.

即使考虑到通货膨胀和经济增长，这也超过了战后马歇尔计划对该国的投资。

Much of the EU cash will be directed towards the poorer south of Italy.

欧盟的大部分资金将流向更贫穷的意大利南部地区。

But that is where Italy's mafias can most easily steer funds and contracts their way.

但这是意大利黑手党最容易操纵资金和合同的地方。

Having two inadequately regulated mini-states on their doorstep would offer them an easy way to launder their gains.

家门口有两个监管不力的小国，这位他们提供一种轻松洗钱的方法。

On a recent visit to Rome Catherine De Bolle, the executive director of Europol,

在近期对罗马的拜访中，欧洲刑警组织的执行主任凯瑟琳·德波勒警告称，

warned that her organisation had detected a rise in organised crime's penetration of the European economy

她的组织已经发现，组织犯罪对欧洲经济的渗透有所上升

and asked EU states to be particularly vigilant with regard to the recovery funds.

并且要求欧盟各国特别警惕复苏资金。

As Moneyval made clear in its last report in 2015, San Marino has made significant progress towards installing a robust anti-money-laundering system.

正如Moneyval在2015年最后一篇报告中明确指出的那样，圣马力诺在建立反洗钱系统方面取得了重大进展。

But the Holy See looks more problematic, despite Pope Francis's avowed intention of overhauling its tangled finances.

但罗马教廷的问题似乎更多，尽管教皇方济各公开表示有意整顿其错综复杂的财政问题。

Two controversies are swirling. The first has to do with the Vatican Bank,

目前有两个争议。第一个和梵蒂冈银行有关，

properly known as the Institute for the Works of Religion (IOR), a lender located within the city state.

该银行正确名称是宗教事务银行（IOR），是一家位于这个城邦国家内的银行。

The second concerns a judicial investigation into dealings by the Roman Curia,

第二个是关于罗马教廷对交易的司法调查，

the central administration of the Catholic church, the effects of which have rippled abroad.

它是天主教会的中央管理机构，其影响已经波及到国外。

Inspectors had hoped that the Vatican Bank was no longer a problem. In a report on the Holy See in 2017,

检察员曾希望梵蒂冈银行不再是个问题。在2017年关于罗马教廷的一份报告中，

Moneyval concluded that its anti-money-laundering procedures were "firmly established".

Moneyval总结到，其反洗钱程序已“牢固确立”。

Yet the IOR is now ensnared in litigation, which ironically arises from the clean-up.

然而，IOR现在陷入了诉讼，具有讽刺意味的是，这是由铲除工作引发的。

In March a Maltese court authorised three companies involved in a dispute with the bank to seize assets worth 29.5m euro—

三月，马耳他一家法院授权与该银行发生纠纷的三家公司扣押价值2950万欧元的资产——

equivalent to more than three-quarters of the IOR's profits in 2019.

相当于2019年IOR利润的四分之三以上。

The two Maltabased investment companies and a Luxembourg-based subsidiary claim that, following a change of management,

两家位于马耳他的投资公司和一家位于卢森堡的子公司宣称，管理层发生变动后，

the IOR reneged on a commitment to invest 33m euro in the purchase and development of the building that once housed the Budapest Stock Exchange.

IOR违背承诺，放弃投资3300万欧元用于购买和开发布达佩斯证券交易所所在的大楼。

(The IOR contends that the deal was altered in a way that prejudiced its interests and claims to have incurred losses and lost profits of up to 25.2m euro.)

（IOR声称，该交易的变更方式损害了其利益，并声称已造成了高达2520万欧元的损失和利润损失。）