2020年经济学人 恐袭四起,但圣战主义已然走向陨落(1)（在线收听）

Europe

欧洲板块

Terrorism in Europe

欧洲恐怖主义

Oh Vienna

噢，维也纳

Despite the horrors in Austria and France, jihadism has declined

尽管奥地利和法国的恐怖主义事件频发，但圣战主义已然走向陨落。

Teeming with spooks and intrigue, Vienna is no stranger to political violence. “Carlos the Jackal” held OPEC’s oil ministers hostage there in 1975. Since then, assassinations in Austria’s capital have claimed the lives of Kurds and Chechens, among others. But until November 2nd Vienna had largely been spared the attacks on civilians that have menaced cities like London, Madrid or Paris. That night four people were killed and 23 injured, several of them seriously, during a gun and knife rampage in Vienna’s centre. Many were attacked as they took their last chance of a drink or a meal before Austria’s second coronavirus lockdown.

维也纳这座城市充斥着恐怖和阴谋，对政治暴力并不陌生。1975年，“豺狼卡洛斯”在维也纳劫持了石油输出国组织的石油部长。此后，在这个奥地利首都发生的暗杀事件致使库尔德和车臣等国的民众丧生。但在11月2日以前，维也纳并未像是伦敦、马德里或巴黎等危机四伏的城市一样，爆发过针对平民的袭击事件。但11月2日当晚，维也纳市中心发生了一起持枪和持刀抢劫事件，造成4人死亡，23人受伤，其中有几人伤势严重。在奥地利实行第二次冠状病毒封锁之前，许多民众在最后一次外出喝酒或吃饭时遭到袭击。

The Austrian authorities identified Kujtim Fejzulai, a 20-year-old man with dual Austrian and North Macedonian citizenship, as the sole gunman. Further arrests were made on November 3rd. Mr Fejzulai, who was shot by police, was born and raised in Vienna to Macedonian parents of Albanian extraction. Radicalised as a teenager, in 2019 he was convicted of terrorist offences and given a 22-month prison sentence after authorities thwarted his plan to join Islamic State (IS) fighters in Syria. But he was released in December under Austria’s lenient rules for young offenders.

奥地利当局确认，此事件中唯一的持枪歹徒是20岁，并拥有奥地利和北马其顿双重国籍的库伊蒂姆·费祖莱。警方于11月3日对费祖莱进行了进一步逮捕，并将其击毙。费祖莱在维也纳出生长大，他的父母都是阿尔巴尼亚裔的马其顿人。他十几岁时就成为了激进分子。2019年，他犯有恐怖主义罪行而被判入狱22个月。此前，当局曾挫败其前往叙利亚成为伊斯兰国圣战士的计划。但根据奥地利对青少年罪犯实行宽大处理的规定，费祖莱于12月获释。

The attack follows a spate of terrorism in Europe. On October 4th a Syrian asylum seeker stabbed two men, killing one, in the German city of Dresden in what may have been a homophobic attack. Twelve days later, on the outskirts of Paris, a teenage Chechen refugee beheaded Samuel Paty, a teacher who had shown his class controversial cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad from Charlie Hebdo, a satirical magazine. On October 29th a Tunisian national who had arrived in France that month killed three people at a church in Nice. On the same day, French police shot dead a man claiming allegiance to a far-right anti-immigrant group near Avignon.

在此次袭击事件发生之前，欧洲也爆发了一连串的恐怖主义事件。10月4日，在德国的德累斯顿市，一名叙利亚避难者刺伤了两名男子，造成一人死亡，这可能是一起仇视同性恋的袭击事件。12天后，在巴黎郊区，一名十几岁的车臣难民将塞缪尔·帕蒂斩首。帕蒂是一名教师，他曾在课堂上展示了讽刺杂志《查理周刊》出版的有关先知默罕默德的争议漫画。10月29日，一名当月到达法国的突尼斯国民在尼斯的一座教堂中杀害了三人。同一天，法国警方在阿维尼翁附近击毙了一名声称效忠于极右翼移民组织的男子。