新闻周刊:非洲基因对癌症研究很重要(7)（在线收听）

H3Africa has tried to allay the concerns by letting scientists own their samples for longer.

“非洲H3”试图缓解这些焦虑，让科学家将自己的样品保留的时间更久一些。

International standards of genetic research dictate that data be made publicly available.

国际遗传研究标准要求数据公开。

But H3Africa gives scientists 23 months of exclusivity, so they can study and publish their data without competition.

但是“非洲H3”给了科学家23个月的专有权，所以他们可以在没有竞争的情况下研究和发布他们的数据。

Publications increase the profile of scientists, making them more attractive to funders, which in turn enriches their country.

出版物增加了科学家的知名度，对资助者更有吸引力，这反过来又增益了他们的国家。

Biological samples are protected for even longer.

生物样本被保护的时间更长。

"For three years,"de Vries and colleagues wrote in a 2015 paper outlining the program's policies,

“三年内，”德·弗里斯和同事们在2015年的一篇论文中概述了该项目的政策，

"samples can only be used for research that strengthens African research capacity."

“样品只能用于加强非洲研究能力的研究。”

Still, protecting scientists from competition doesn't necessarily protect patients,

尽管如此，科学家免受竞争伤害的保护并不一定会保护病人，

the hardest-hit victims of past exploitation because they gave their tissue and needed better medical care.

他们是过去遭受剥削最严重的受害者，因为他们提供了组织，需要更好的医疗服务。

Ethical guidelines for genetic research—these vary country to country, and H3Africa has its own strict regulations—say patients must give informed consent when they donate samples.

遗传研究的伦理指南——每个国家各不相同，“非洲H3”也有自己严格的规定——即病人在捐献样本时必须得到知情同意。

But most languages across Africa lack words for technical terms like gene or biopsy.

但是非洲的大多数语言都缺少像基因或活检这样的专业术语。

Attempts to cross the language barrier haven't always gone smoothly.

跨越语言障碍的尝试并不总是一帆风顺。

One well-intentioned scientist created educational material using eye color to explain heredity—

一位好心的科学家用眼睛的颜色创造了教育材料来解释遗传——

this on a continent of people with brown eyes.

在一个有着棕色眼睛的大陆上。

And if the information is too technical, says Ogechukwu Ikwueme, who conducts H3Africa-supported breast cancer research at Nigeria’s University of Abuja, patients shut down.

尼日利亚阿布贾大学负责“非洲H3”乳腺癌研究的Ogechukwu Ikwueme说，如果信息传达技术性过强，患者就会拒绝。

Gender dynamics and community hierarchies also impede consent.

性别动力学和社区等级制度也阻碍了同意。

These problems pervade scientific research everywhere.

这些问题到处都是科学研究。

But in Africa, poverty, low education levels, poor access to health care, language barriers and cultural restrictions amplify the concern.

但在非洲，贫困、低教育水平、缺乏医疗保健、语言障碍和文化限制加剧了人们的担忧。

Rotimi often wrestles with questions about the women enrolling in his studies.

罗蒂米经常需要解决涉及他研究的女性相关问题。

"Is she participating because her husband has said so," he wonders, "or is she actually doing it on her own?"