美国国家公共电台 NPR 印度国庆阅兵当天 农民开拖拉机冲入首都与警方冲突（在线收听）

To India now, where two months of peaceful protests turned violent. Farmers are locked in a standoff with the Indian government over agriculture reforms, and today it came to blows in the streets of the capital, as NPR's Lauren Frayer reports.

现在来关注印度，持续两个月的和平抗议演变成暴力事件。据NPR新闻的劳伦·弗雷尔报道，农民在农业改革问题上与印度政府僵持不下，今天，僵持在首都街头演变为冲突。

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON: (Non-English language spoken).

身份不明者：（用非英语语言讲话）。

LAUREN FRAYER, BYLINE: It started like every annual Republic Day holiday in India — with a military parade in the capital.

劳伦·弗雷尔连线：一开始，情况和印度每年的共和国日假期一样——首都举行阅兵式。

(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)

（音乐声）

FRAYER: But everyone knew what was coming. Tens of thousands of farmers on tractors — they've been protesting on the city's outskirts for months, their anger percolating. They obtained police permits to enter the city today. They were supposed to wait until after the military parade was over, but some broke through barricades early and veered off the agreed-upon route. Locals cheered them on and threw flowers, but then...

弗雷尔：但所有人都知道会发生什么。数万名农民开着拖拉机挺进首都，这些农民已在市郊进行了数个月的抗议，他们的愤怒在不断蔓延。他们今天获得了进入首都的警察许可。他们本应等到阅兵结束后再行动，但有些人很早就冲破路障并偏离了商定路线。当地居民为他们欢呼，并向他们投掷鲜花，但是……

(SOUNDBITE OF TEAR GAS CANISTER FIRING)

（催泪瓦斯发射声）

FRAYER: Police fired tear gas from highway overpasses and beat farmers with bamboo rods. Farmers stormed the 17th century Red Fort, a tourist attraction and symbol of power in the heart of Delhi. They waved flags from the ramparts, and rallies spread across the country.

弗雷尔：警方从高速公路立交桥上发射催泪瓦斯，并用竹竿殴打农民。农民冲进了建于17世纪的红堡，红堡是德里市中心的旅游胜地和权力象征。农民在城墙上挥舞旗帜，各种集会活动遍及全国各地。

UNIDENTIFIED GROUP: (Chanting in non-English language).

身份不明的人群：（用非英语语言高喊）。

FRAYER: Hundreds gathered on a cricket field in downtown Mumbai, including Megha Mallick.

弗雷尔：数百人聚集在孟买市中心的一个板球场，其中包括麦加·马利克。

MEGHA MALLICK: We came here for farmer support because they are not getting what they want.

麦加·马利克：我们来到这里是为了支持农民，因为他们没有得到他们想要的。

FRAYER: What they want is the repeal of three farm laws that deregulate produce markets. Farmers fear they'll lose price guarantees, though the government insists they will not. It's a dispute over quite technical pricing rules, but it's become a rallying cry for people who want to honor India's agrarian roots. Up to two-thirds of Indians still work in agriculture, mostly on small farms. Their profits are already meager, and COVID has plunged India into a recession. Economist R. Ramakumar says farmers fear the government is putting big corporations ahead of them.

弗雷尔：农民希望废除三部解除农产品市场管制的农业法。农民担心他们会失去价格保证，尽管政府坚称不会发生这种情况。这是有关技术性定价规则的争论，但对于希望尊重印度农业根基的人们来说，这已经成为一个口号。目前有多达三分之二的印度人仍然从事农业，大多数人在小型农场工作。他们的收益已经非常微薄，而新冠肺炎又让印度陷入衰退之中。经济学家拉马库马尔表示，农民担心政府将大公司的利益置于他们之上。

R RAMAKUMAR: This is a fight for democracy. This is a fight for people, not a set of oligarchs or a set of multinational companies.

拉马库马尔：这是一场争取民主的斗争。是在为人民而战，而不是为了寡头或跨国公司。

FRAYER: Others say Indian agriculture desperately needs some kind of reform. Seema Bathla is another economist. She supports the government's laws.

弗雷尔：其他人则认为印度农业急需某种改革。希玛·巴特拉也是经济学家。她支持政府出台的法律。

SEEMA BATHLA: These laws will give farmers the choice — or, you can say, the freedom — to farmers to sell wherever they wish to sell.

希玛·巴特拉：这些法律将给予农民选择权，或者可以说是自由，让农民想在哪里出售产品就可以在哪里出售。

FRAYER: The problem, she says, is that the government botched the rollout. It didn't explain these laws well to the people whose lives they affect most, and so farmers' fears have taken over, she says. Last week the government offered a compromise, an 18-month suspension of the laws. But farm unions refused. They want them scrapped forever.

弗雷尔：她表示，问题是政府在推广法律表现得极为糟糕。她说，政府没能向生活受影响最严重的群体解释清楚这些法律，这导致农民的恐惧已经占据了主导地位。上周，政府提出了一项折衷方案，将这些法律暂停实施18个月。但农场工会拒绝了这一方案。他们希望他们永久废除这些法律。

(SOUNDBITE OF PROTEST AMBIENCE)

（抗议现场录音）

FRAYER: After nightfall, farmers climbed down from the ramparts of the historic Red Fort, but they did not go home. They went back to their protest camps on the outskirts of Delhi, and they're planning another march in less than a week.

弗雷尔：入夜后，农民从历史悠久的红垒的城墙上下来，但他们没有回家。他们回到了德里郊区的抗议营地，并计划在不到一周的时间内举行另一场游行。

Lauren Frayer, NPR News, Mumbai.

NPR新闻，劳伦·弗雷尔孟买报道。