美国国家公共电台 NPR 多家疫苗生产商延迟交货 欧盟陷疫苗危机（在线收听）

Back in August, the drug company AstraZeneca signed a deal with the European Union. It promised to provide 300 million doses of the coronavirus vaccine. That didn't happen. It fell short. NPR's Rob Schmitz has been following this from Berlin. Good morning, Rob.

早在8月份，阿斯利康制药公司就与欧盟签署了一项协议。该公司承诺提供3亿剂冠状病毒疫苗。但这未能兑现。疫苗供应不足。NPR新闻的罗布·施密茨一直在柏林关注此事。早上好，罗布。

ROB SCHMITZ, BYLINE: Good morning, Noel.

罗布·施密茨连线：早上好，诺埃尔。

KING: How many doses did the E.U. get if it didn't get 300 million? And what went so wrong here?

金：如果得不到3亿剂疫苗，欧盟能得到多少剂量？出了什么问题？

SCHMITZ: Well, we're not really sure yet what the final answer on the number is yet, but...

施密茨：我们尚不确定这个数字的最终答案是什么，但是……

KING: Gotcha.

金：明白了。

SCHMITZ: And whether we're going to get it is — you know, as far as what went wrong, it depends on who you want to believe. AstraZeneca's CEO, Pascal Soriot, says his company is playing catch up and that the source of the delay is a production facility in Belgium. But EU leaders suspect this is an excuse for not being able to fulfill the bloc's initial order of 300 million doses, as you mentioned, because it's been too focused on getting its vaccine to the U.K. at the expense of the EU, a hint that there's a bit of vaccine nationalism because AstraZeneca is a British-Swedish company. EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen tried to lay down the law last week in a public address. And here's what she said.

施密茨：我们也不清楚欧盟是否能得到这些疫苗，但就问题出在哪里而言，这取决于你想相信谁。阿斯利康公司首席执行官帕斯卡·索里奥特表示，其公司正在加快步伐，延误原因是比利时一个生产设施出现问题。但欧盟领导人怀疑这是其不能满足欧盟初始3亿剂剂量的借口，正如你所说，因为该公司过于专注于将疫苗送到英国，从而牺牲了欧盟的利益，这个暗示带有一点疫苗民族主义，因为阿斯利康是一家英国和瑞典合资公司。欧盟委员会主席乌苏拉·冯德莱恩上周在一次公开讲话中试图发号施令。以下是她所说。

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URSULA VON DER LEYEN: Europe invested billions to help develop the world's first COVID-19 vaccines to create a truly global, common good. And now the companies must deliver. They must honor their obligations.

乌苏拉·冯德莱恩：欧洲投资了数十亿美元，帮助研发世界上首个新冠肺炎疫苗，以创造真正的全球共同利益。现在，这些公司必须兑现承诺。他们必须履行自己的义务。

SCHMITZ: And, Noel, von der Leyen was so angry about AstraZeneca's vaccine shortage that she had EU investigators visit the company's plant in Belgium to confiscate documents to get to the bottom of the shortage. And she then ordered restrictions on exports of the vaccine to the U.K., which did not go over well with the Brits. And then she reversed that decision over the weekend.

施密茨：诺埃尔，冯德莱恩对阿斯利康的疫苗短缺感到非常愤怒，她让欧盟调查人员走访了阿斯利康在比利时的工厂，并没收文件，以弄清疫苗短缺的原因。之后她下令限制疫苗出口到英国，此举令英国感到不满。随后她在周末改变了决定。

KING: OK, this is interesting. And the stakes are quite high and the accusations are quite serious. Is Ursula von der Leyen the only person who's angry? Who else in Europe is saying what?

金：好，这值得注意。而且风险相当大，指控也相当严重。乌苏拉·冯德莱恩是唯一感到愤怒的欧洲人吗？欧洲还有谁作出了表态？

SCHMITZ: I think everyone — it's fair to say everyone is angry right now. And von der Leyen is under fire for the EU's slow rollout of vaccines for its 27 member states. And the main criticism here is how long it's taken the EU to approve vaccinations, as well as the EU's seeming inability to change gears when it became clear last autumn that the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines were ahead of the rest in their trials. Many Europeans criticized the EU for not ordering more of those vaccines at that time. Last week, the German daily Spiegel ran what can only be described as a hit piece on von der Leyen herself, focusing on her history of failings as an EU politician. So it's getting a little nasty. Europeans have been watching for months as their American and British friends are being vaccinated and they feel left behind. The U.K. has administered 14 doses per 100 people; the U.S., nine doses per hundred. Compare that to just three doses per hundred Germans and two doses per hundred French, and you've got a lot of frustration here in Europe.

施密茨：我认为，公平地说，现在每个人都很生气。冯德莱恩因欧盟27个成员国疫苗推广缓慢一事备受指责。最主要的批评是，欧盟花了很长时间才批准疫苗接种，而且去年秋天辉瑞和德国生物新技术公司联合研发的疫苗以及莫德纳疫苗在试验中领先于其他公司时，欧盟似乎无法改变立场。许多欧洲人批评欧盟当时没有订购更多疫苗。上周，德国《明镜》日报刊登了一篇只能说是有关冯德莱恩本人的热门文章，重点报道了她作为欧盟政治家的失败史。事情变得令人厌恶。欧洲人数个月来一直在关注其美国和英国朋友接种疫苗的情况，他们感觉被落在了后面。英国每100人有14人接种了疫苗，美国每100人有9人注射了疫苗。相比之下，德国每100人只有3人接种了疫苗，而法国每100人只有2人注射了疫苗，在欧洲你会感到非常沮丧。

KING: And so what does that mean for EU member states who are trying to get their citizens vaccinated?

金：那这对试图让本国公民接种疫苗的欧盟成员国来说意味着什么？

SCHMITZ: It means they're going to have to wait longer. AstraZeneca isn't the only drugmaker facing production delays to the EU; Pfizer-BioNTech is, too. And that's because the production capacity is not quite there yet. But that could change in the coming months. BioNTech, which is based in Germany, is putting the finishing touches on a new production facility in Marburg, Germany, which could speed up the rollout. That'll be up and running by the end of this month. Other companies have also offered to help out with production, and that should speed it up, too. Some countries like Germany are simply making their own bilateral deals. Germany ordered 30 million of its own doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, and it was roundly criticized for it at the time. This was back in the fall. But now, given how poorly the EU has handled the vaccine rollout to its member states, it seems like it was a pretty wise move.

施密茨：这意味着他们要等待更长时间。阿斯利康并不是唯一一家面临欧盟生产延期的制药商；辉瑞和德国生物新技术公司也有同样的问题。原因是目前尚不完全具备生产能力。但这种情况在未来几个月可能会改变。总部位于德国的生物新技术公司正在德国马尔堡进行新生产设施的收尾工作，这可能会加快疫苗的推出。该设施本月底就可以开始运作。其他公司也主动提出帮助生产，这也应该可以加快生产速度。德国等国只进行自己的双边交易。德国自行订购了3000万剂辉瑞和德国生物新技术公司联合研发的疫苗，这在当时受到了严厉批评。那是去年秋天发生的事情。但现在，鉴于欧盟在向其成员国推广疫苗方面处理得如此糟糕，这似乎是一个相当明智的举措。

KING: And, Rob, pull back a second, if you would. What are caseloads like across Europe these days?

金：罗布，请帮我们回顾一下。现在欧洲各国的病例数量如何？

SCHMITZ: Yeah, I think it's helpful to look at the incidence rate, and that is how many individuals are infected per 100,000 people over the past week. You know, currently, that number in Spain is more than 500, which is incredibly high. In France, more than 200 per 100,000 have been infected in the past week. But here in Germany, things are gradually getting better. The country's lockdown has managed to get that number down below 100. But it's been a struggle. And for much of Europe, the vaccine is sorely needed right now.

施密茨：好，我认为可以看下发病率，也就是过去一周每10万人中有多少人被感染。目前，在西班牙，这个数字已超过500，高得简直令人难以置信。在法国，过去一周每10万人中有超过200受到感染。但在德国，情况正在逐渐好转。德国的封锁措施已成功将这一数字降到100以下。但这是一场斗争。而对于欧洲大部分地区来说，现在迫切需要疫苗。

KING: NPR's Rob Schmitz in Berlin. Thanks, Rob.

金：以上是NPR新闻的罗布·施密茨从柏林带来的报道。谢谢你，罗布。

SCHMITZ: Thank you.

施密茨：谢谢。