美国国家公共电台 NPR 美国愿重返伊核协议 伊朗要求先解除制裁（在线收听）

Back to the table, maybe. President Biden has signaled that America is willing to join Iran and other world powers in talks that would be aimed at returning to the 2015 nuclear agreement. But so far, Iran hasn't been enthusiastic. Iranian leaders say they have a precondition that all U.S. sanctions against Iran must be lifted unconditionally. NPR's Peter Kenyon has been following the story from Istanbul. Thanks for being with us, Peter.

重返谈判桌，有这个可能。拜登总统表示，美国愿意与伊朗和其他世界大国一道参加旨在重返2015年核协议的会谈。但到目前为止，伊朗对此并不热情。伊朗领导人提出了一个前提条件，即美国必须无条件解除对伊朗的所有制裁。NPR新闻的彼得·肯扬一直在关注伊斯坦布尔的消息。谢谢你和我们连线，彼得。

PETER KENYON, BYLINE: Hi, Scott.

彼得·肯扬连线：你好，斯科特。

SIMON: What step are we in what amounts to a diplomatic dance?

西蒙：我们在外交运作中走到了哪一步？

KENYON: Yeah, well, basically, Iran has been watching Biden reverse some Trump moves, one on international sanctions on Iran, also easing travel restrictions on Iranian diplomats. And it's all part of his push to let the world know that with Trump gone, America is back, when it comes to international diplomacy, at least, and working with allies. But those sanctions that Trump imposed in 2018, they're still there. And that's a big issue in Tehran. The supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, declared Tehran is not interested in words, only actions, in particular on sanctions. And just this morning, a government spokesman was quoted in Iranian media as saying Iran is sure that diplomatic initiatives will result in a favorable outcome despite the diplomatic wrangling. That was a reference to both Washington and Tehran insisting over and over the other side has to go first if there's going to be any more talks. And meanwhile, Iran has 12 times the amount of enriched uranium allowed under the deal now, and it's installing more centrifuges to go even faster.

肯扬：基本上，伊朗一直在关注拜登扭转特朗普政策的举措，其一是国际社会对伊朗的制裁，另一个是放宽对伊朗外交官的旅行限制。拜登是在努力让世界知道：特朗普已经离开，而美国回来了，至少就国际外交和盟友合作而言是如此。但特朗普在2018年实施的制裁措施仍然存在。这在伊朗看来是个大问题。伊朗最高领导人阿亚图拉·阿里·哈梅内伊宣称，伊朗政府不在乎言论，只在乎行动，尤其是制裁方面。就在今天上午，伊朗媒体援引一名政府发言人的话报道，尽管存在外交争端，但伊朗确信外交举措将取得有利结果。这是指美国和伊朗都一再强调，如果要举行更多的谈判，对方必须先有所行动。与此同时，伊朗的浓缩铀产量是协议所允许的12倍，而且伊朗正在安装更多的离心机，以更快地运转。

SIMON: Well, and Iran once said it could return to compliance with the nuclear deal within hours of sanctions being lifted. With so much more activity they've accomplished, would that still be the case?

西蒙：伊朗曾表示，解除制裁后的几个小时内，其就可以恢复遵守核协议。他们完成了这么多的活动，这还能做到吗？

KENYON: Well, not necessarily. I mean, Khamenei said recently Tehran intends to verify that all sanctions had been properly lifted. It's not clear what that verification would entail or how long it might take. Iran still says it's returning to compliance once sanctions are lifted. But exactly when is a little less clear. And we should note that while Iran has been increasing its uranium enrichment, it's still nowhere near weapons-grade.

肯扬：不一定。哈梅内伊最近表示，伊朗计划核实所有制裁措施都已适当解除。目前尚不清楚这一核查需要什么，也不清楚这一过程可能需要的时间。伊朗依然表示，一旦解除制裁，其就将恢复遵守协议。但具体时间尚不清楚。我们应该指出的是，虽然伊朗一直在增加其铀浓缩活动，但水平仍然远低于武器级。

SIMON: And the U.S. has indicated it would like to talk about more than just returning to the deal. President Biden says he wants to negotiate on Iran's ballistic missile systems as well. How likely is that?

西蒙：美国表示，他们愿讨论的不仅仅是重返协议。拜登总统表示，他还想就伊朗的弹道导弹系统进行谈判。这一可能性有多大？

KENYON: Well, that may be pretty tough. Iran is proud of its missile program. It's been described as the largest in the Middle East outside of Israel. And a top Iranian general has been quoted as saying Iran's not going to negotiate its defensive powers with anybody under any circumstances. And the same goes for Iran's actions in the region. That's another topic Washington has expressed interest in talking about.

肯扬：可能很难。伊朗为其导弹项目感到自豪。该项目被描述为除以色列以外中东规模最大的导弹项目。报道援引一名伊朗高级将领的话称，伊朗在任何情况下都不会与任何人谈判其防御能力。伊朗在该地区的行动也是如此。这是美国政府有意谈判的另一个话题。

SIMON: And a deadline this coming Tuesday, February 23?

西蒙：截止日期是2月23日，星期二，对吧？

KENYON: Yes, Iran says if sanctions are not lifted by then, it will take another step away from the nuclear agreement. And that means not implementing what are known as the additional protocols. And that basically means no more snap inspections by the U.N. nuclear watchdog agency. Now, that would be the biggest move yet away from the deal. And with every step, of course, Tehran moves that much closer to being able to pursue a nuclear weapon if it decides it wants to do that. It says, no, it doesn't. But again, right now, the immediate issue is lifting sanctions. If that happens, then Tehran says all violations of the deal can be reversed.

肯扬：没错，伊朗表示，如果届时不解除制裁，其将再次采取远离核协议的行动。即不履行附加议定书。这基本上意味着联合国核监督机构不能再进行突击检查。这将是迄今为止远离该协议的最大动作。当然，随着每一步的推进，如果伊朗决定要发展核武器的话，其就离发展核武器越来越近。但伊朗对此予以否认。不过，目前当务之急是取消制裁。伊朗表示，如果制裁解除，那所有违反协议的行为都可以得到扭转。

SIMON: NPR's Peter Kenyon in Istanbul, thanks so much.

西蒙：以上是NPR新闻的彼得·肯扬从伊斯坦布尔带来的报道，非常谢谢你。

KENYON: Thanks, Scott.

肯扬：谢谢，斯科特。