美国国家公共电台 NPR 拜登面临边境移民潮危机 共和党人借机指责（在线收听）

There has been a dramatic increase in migrants attempting to cross the southern border into the U.S. — more than 100,000 just last month. The vast majority are being turned back to Mexico under Trump-era rules meant to stop the spread of COVID-19. But the Biden administration has made a change with big consequences. It now allows unaccompanied children or teenagers into the U.S. A record number of these young migrants are being held in detention facilities run by U.S. Customs and Border Protection. They are arriving faster than they can be moved to more hospitable shelters as mandated by law. Republicans are calling this a crisis. House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy and a number of his Republican colleagues took a trip to the border of Texas, and they toured a jam-packed Border Patrol facility.

试图越过南部边境进入美国的移民人数急剧增加，上个月就有超过10万名移民抵达边境。根据特朗普时代旨在阻止新冠肺炎扩散的规定，绝大多数移民将被遣返回墨西哥。但拜登政府更改了政策，而这产生了巨大的后果。政府现在允许无人陪伴的儿童或青少年进入美国。目前被关押在美国海关和边境保护局管理的拘留设施中的年轻移民数量达到创纪录水平。相比依法转移到更宽容的庇护所的速度，移民到达的速度要更快。共和党人称这是一场危机。众议院少数党领袖凯文·麦卡锡及其共和党同事前往得克萨斯州边境，他们走访了拥挤不堪的边境巡逻站设施。

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KEVIN MCCARTHY: Today they're beyond capacity. They're having to build into the parking lot a makeshift facility.

凯文·麦卡锡：今天，这些设施已经超负荷。他们不得不在停车场建一个临时设施。

CHANG: Angela Kocherga of member station KTEP in El Paso has been following the story and joins us now.

张：埃尔帕索KTEP成员站的安吉拉·科切加一直在关注这件事，现在她将和我们连线。

Welcome.

欢迎你。

ANGELA KOCHERGA, BYLINE: Thank you, Ailsa.

安吉拉·科切加连线：谢谢你，艾尔莎。

CHANG: So can you just tell us what has been happening on the border as you see it?

张：你能介绍一下你所看到的边境情况吗？

KOCHERGA: We are seeing those record numbers of children and teens arriving on their own, the so-called unaccompanied minors. And they're asking for asylum. Now, under Title 42, the rule that was implemented by the Trump administration, they were sent back to Mexico. What's changed is now they're being allowed in, and that's overwhelmed Border Patrol agents and the facilities where they temporarily hold these young migrants before they can be moved to more shelters run by Health and Human Services. And one Border Patrol facility built just a year ago for more than a thousand people is now at capacity. The goal for these young migrants is to find a relative or sponsor living in the U.S. who can take them in while they wait for their day in immigration court.

科切加：我们看到所谓的“无人陪伴的未成年人”，即独自抵达边境的儿童和青少年数量达到创纪录水平。他们请求庇护。根据特朗普政府实施的第42条规定，他们会被遣返回墨西哥。而现在，他们获准入境，这使边境巡逻人员以及他们的设施不堪重负，这些设施只是临时关押年轻移民的场所，之后会将他们转移到卫生和公共服务部门运营的庇护所。一年前建造的一处边境巡逻站设施现在已经可以使用，可容纳1000余人。这些年轻移民的目标是找到一名居住在美国的亲属或担保人，年轻移民在等待移民法庭审理期间，亲属或担保人可以安置他们。

CHANG: Right. OK, well, so far, what exactly is the Biden administration doing about all this?

张：好。到目前为止，拜登政府具体采取了哪些措施？

KOCHERGA: They're sending FEMA to the border to help manage the humanitarian crisis. We're hearing some of the children may be flown out of places like El Paso to areas that can shelter them in better facilities for children. They're looking at reopening some of the facilities on the border where minors were temporarily held before they were placed with sponsors or relatives. And in El Paso, Annunciation House — a nonprofit organization that provides temporary shelter for migrants and refugee — has taken in some migrant families with children who have been released. And they have all the COVID protocols in place for those who are allowed to leave the detention and await their immigration hearings.

科切加：政府派联邦应急管理局（简称FEMA）前往边境帮助处理这场人道主义危机。我们了解到，有些孩子可能会从埃尔帕索等地乘飞机前往允许他们在更好的儿童设施中避难的地方。他们正在考虑重新开放边境上的一些设施，这些设施是未成年人被安置在担保人或亲属那里之前的临时关押地。埃尔帕索为移民和难民提供临时住所的非盈利组织“报喜之家”已经接收了一些带孩子的移民家庭，这些人已经获释。他们还为获准离开关押场所并等待移民听证会的人制定了所有的新冠肺炎协议。

But, again, most of the migrant s are not being allowed to be released. They're all being sent back to Mexico. And, again, it's only the youngest children and teens under 17. And the vast majority of adults and even parents with young children are being sent out of the country.

但是，大多数移民依然不能获释。他们都被遣返回墨西哥。重申一下，只有最小的孩子和17岁以下的青少年能留下。而绝大多数成年人，甚至带着年幼孩子的父母都会被遣送出美国。

CHANG: OK, well, to be clear, migration surges have happened in previous administrations. So can you tell us what are Republicans saying about what they're finding this time around?

张：好吧，需要明确的是，前几届政府都经历过移民潮。你能告诉我们共和党人对这次的发现有何看法吗？

KOCHERGA: Well, they're — they found many of the same conditions we've seen in years past when there was an influx of migrants. They're talking about migrants being kept in facilities not designed for them, overcrowding, Border Patrol agents spending a lot of time working on paperwork to get the migrants into shelters instead of out in the field, protecting the border. And we've seen this overcrowding during the Trump administration when we saw that large influx of children and families arriving. But Republicans argue this crisis was manufactured by the Biden administration. And they say Biden — his administration created the impression that if migrants come now, the president and his administration will allow them to stay.

科切加：他们发现了很多和我们过去几年看到的移民潮一样的情况。他们表示，移民被关在不是为他们设计的设施里，那里人满为患，边境巡逻人员要耗费大量时间进行文书工作，使移民得以进入庇护所，而不是外出进行保护边境的巡逻任务。特朗普执政期间，当大量儿童和家庭涌入时，我们看到了这种过度拥挤的现象。但共和党人辩称，这场危机是拜登政府制造的。他们表示，拜登政府给人们造成了一种印象，即如果移民现在抵达边境，总统及其领导的政府将允许他们留下来。

CHANG: But, again, if these surges have happened in the past, what do the Republicans say should be done differently this time?

张：但是，过去也发生过这种移民人数激增的情况，那共和党人认为这次应该采取哪些不同的行动？

KOCHERGA: Well, one congressman said he preferred President Biden to do nothing, that that would have been better. He said Title 42 was an effective tool to keep the coronavirus out and from spreading and keep people out. Of course, we know the virus — the pandemic's on both sides of the border. That really is the only change under the Biden administration.

科切加：一名国会议员表示，他宁愿拜登总统什么也不做，那样会更好。他说，第42条规定是防止冠状病毒传播并阻止移民入境的有效工具。当然，我们知道边境两侧仍处于疫情之中。这确实是拜登政府进行的唯一改变。

So they also said they wanted President Biden to resume construction of the border wall. That came up repeatedly. They say a porous border is another reason people are coming in. But, again, the wall was not effective for asylum seekers because they are turning themselves in. They're not sneaking in. And so they're approaching Border Patrol agents, often on the other side of the wall, peeking in and asking for asylum.

因此，他们还希望拜登总统恢复修建边境墙。这种说法经常出现。他们表示，边境漏洞百出是移民抵达的另一个原因。但是，边境墙对寻求庇护者来说同样无效，因为他们会主动提交申请。而不是偷偷越境。通常，他们会从边境墙的另一边接近边境巡逻人员，偷看并寻求庇护。

CHANG: OK.

张：好的。

KOCHERGA: The Biden administration again defends the decision to let children cross, let children stay...

科切加：拜登政府再次为让儿童越境并留下的决定辩护。

CHANG: We will...

张：我们……

KOCHERGA: ...Because they say they should be treated humanely...

科切加：因为他们认为儿童应该受到人性化的对待。

CHANG: ...Have to end it there.

张：……要结束本期节目了。

KOCHERGA: ...And sending them back to Mexico was cruel.

科切加：而将他们遣返回墨西哥是残忍的做法。

CHANG: That is Angelica Kocherga of member station KTEP in El Paso.

张：以上是埃尔帕索成员站KTEP的安吉拉·科切加带来的报道。

Thank you.

谢谢你。

KOCHERGA: Thank you.

科切加：谢谢。