美国国家公共电台 NPR 英国计划逐步解封 欲试行疫苗护照（在线收听）

After months under lockdown, the U.K. is starting to open up slowly. Shops, gyms, hairdressers and pubs with outdoor beer gardens will reopen next Monday in England. Here's Prime Minister Boris Johnson.

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PRIME MINISTER BORIS JOHNSON: Monday the 12, I will be going to the pub myself and cautiously but irreversibly raising a pint of beer to my lips.

KING: Now, there is also a plan to pilot vaccine passports that would allow only certain people into bigger venues. NPR London correspondent Frank Langfitt is covering this one. Hi, Frank.

FRANK LANGFITT, BYLINE: Hi, Noel.

KING: The U.K. has had the highest death toll in all of Europe. Why is Boris Johnson's government convinced that now is the time to open up?

LANGFITT: I think it's because the vaccine program here actually has been a bigger success than people, I think, imagined. More than 31 million Britons have already gotten their first vaccine dose. I got mine last month, and I'm getting the second one in June. It's really spreading out very quickly across the country. Right now, deaths are down to about 47 a day compared to maybe 1,300 or more earlier in the year. And I think what they want to do is they want to begin to revive the economy. One question, though, which is worrisome to people is there is scientific modelling that shows there could be a third wave which would mean more deaths, more pressure on the National Health Service here. Part of that is the question of how much vaccine actually halts transmission, which is uncertain right now.

KING: I am glad, at the very least, that you have gotten your first dose. I want to ask you about these vaccine passports, because this is really, really controversial. What is Boris Johnson saying about them?

LANGFITT: Well, he was talking about it yesterday in a news conference. And he doesn't like the phrase, even though that's the phrase everybody else here uses. He likes to call them COVID-19 certificates...

KING: OK (laughter).

LANGFITT: ...Because of the connotation of passports and basically discriminating against people if they don't have the vaccine or something close to that. Now, what he's saying yesterday is, well, it doesn't just have to be proof of vaccination. It could be a negative COVID test or a positive antibody test in the last six months. And he was very clear that, at least for now, when places reopen — shops, outdoor beer gardens — on Monday, they're not going to be requiring anything like this. But if you look at the documents coming out of the government, they do say that they think this is likely to be a feature — what they call a feature — of British life until the pandemic recedes, and next month, the government is going to test these things out at larger venues. This is what Johnson said yesterday.

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JOHNSON: Big events like, you know, getting 20,000 people into Wembley on May the 15, getting people back into a theatre...

LANGFITT: And Noel, what he's talking about at Wembley Stadium is the FA Cup final. That's the annual English soccer — part of the annual English soccer tournament.

KING: OK, so potentially no vaccine, no passport, no entry to the soccer game. Let me ask you, because this is so controversial, I would imagine that British lawmakers also have something to say about vaccine passports.

LANGFITT: Yeah, there's a lot of opposition in Parliament, more than 70 members of Parliament, including those in Johnson's party, as well as the opposition Labour, are against it. Shami Chakrabarti — she's with the Labour Party. She's in the House of Lords — she's talking about passports turning the country into checkpoint Britain. This is what she said to ITV — British broadcaster — last week.

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SHAMI CHAKRABARTI: A segregated society, which is what is being mooted by internal passports, is a recipe for discrimination, for bullying. Every bouncer or employer or shopkeeper could decide who comes in and who doesn't.

KING: All right, so she's certainly giving us a sense of what she believes to be are the stakes there.

NPR's Frank Langfitt, thanks, Frank.

LANGFITT: Great to talk, Noel.

在封锁数个月之后，英国计划开始逐步开放。下周一，英格兰地区的商店、健身房、理发店以及带有露天啤酒花园的酒吧将恢复营业。以下是英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊所说。

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英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊：下周一，即4月12日，我本人也将去酒吧，小心但坚定地将一品脱啤酒举到嘴边。

金：英国还计划试点疫苗护照，即只允许特定人群进入大型场馆。NPR新闻驻伦敦记者弗兰克·朗菲特将就此进行报道。脸也，弗兰克。

弗兰克·朗菲特连线：你好，诺埃尔。

金：英国是整个欧洲死亡率最高的国家。为何鲍里斯·约翰逊的政府认为现在是开放的合适时机？

朗菲特：我认为这是因为英国的疫苗项目比人们想象的要成功得多。目前已有超过3100万英国人接种了第一剂疫苗。我本人在上个月接种了疫苗。我将在6月份接种第二剂。疫苗计划在英国各地的推广速度非常快。目前，英国的死亡人数已降至每天47人左右，而今年早些时候的死亡人数可能达1300人或更多。我认为英国希望能开始振兴经济。然而，令人们担忧的是，科学模型显示可能会出现第三波疫情，这意味着死亡人数将增加，英国国民医疗服务体系也将面临更多压力。问题是有多少疫苗能真正阻止传播，但这一点目前尚不能确定。

金：我很高兴，至少你接种了第一剂疫苗。我想问一下这些疫苗护照的事情，因为这真的饱受争议。鲍里斯·约翰逊对此有何表态？

朗菲特：他昨天在新闻发布会上谈到了这件事。他不喜欢“疫苗护照”这种说法，尽管英国所有人都是这样说的。他喜欢称之为新冠肺炎证明。

金：好（笑声）。

朗菲特：……因为护照的内涵是对未接种疫苗者的歧视。他昨天表示，这不必只成为疫苗接种的证据。还可以表明新冠肺炎检测呈阴性或过去6个月内抗体检测呈阳性。他明确表示，至少目前，在下周一商店、户外啤酒花园重新开放时，他们不会需要这种东西。但如果看一下政府公布的文件，你会发现文件指出，他们认为这很可能是疫情结束前英国人的生活特色，他们将之称为特色，下个月，政府将在大型场所进行试验。以下是约翰逊昨天所说。

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约翰逊：大型活动，比如，5月15日让2万人进入温布利球场，让人们重返剧院……

朗菲特：诺埃尔，他所说的在温布利球场举行的赛事是足总杯决赛。那是一年一度的英国足球界盛事，是年度英国足球锦标赛的一部分。

金：好，可以说未接种疫苗，没有护照，那就没有足球比赛的入场券。我想问的是，既然此举如此具有争议性，我想英国议员也对“疫苗护照”进行了表态。

朗菲特：没错，英国议会中有很多反对意见，包括约翰逊所在政党的议员以及反对党工党议员在内，有70多名议员表示反对。工党议员莎米·查克拉巴蒂就是其中之一。她是上议院议员，她称护照会将这个国家变成“检查站英国”。以下是她上周在接受英国独立电视台的采访时所说。

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沙米·查克拉巴蒂：种族隔离的社会讨论国内护照，这会导致歧视和欺凌。所有门卫、雇主或店主都可以决定让谁进入不让谁进入。

金：好，她肯定是在告诉我们她所认为的关键所在。

以上是NPR新闻的弗兰克·朗菲特带来的报道，谢谢你，朗菲特。

朗菲特：很高兴和你连线，诺埃尔。