美国国家公共电台 NPR 美国和伊朗在维也纳举行间接会谈（在线收听）

The U.S. and Iran have begun indirect talks in Vienna. The goal is to salvage the nuclear deal that the Trump administration left. Diplomats from countries still in the deal are shuttling between U.S. and Iranian officials, as NPR's Michele Kelemen reports.

MICHELE KELEMEN, BYLINE: In diplomacy, agreeing to meet again is a sign of progress. And judging from that, diplomats in Vienna are having some success. Iran called today's meetings constructive and said the next meeting will be on Friday. State Department spokesperson Ned Price describes the diplomacy as a healthy step forward, saying working groups are now trying to hammer out concrete steps that both Iran and the U.S. can take to get back into compliance with the 2015 nuclear deal.

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NED PRICE: We hope that we are able to leave Vienna with a better understanding of a roadmap for how we get to that end state — mutual compliance.

KELEMEN: For the U.S. to get back into compliance, it would have to stop blocking Iranian business with other countries, especially the oil sales that are critical to Iran's economy. For Iran, it would mean dismantling centrifuges that are now enriching uranium beyond levels allowed under the deal and allowing inspectors more access again. Since Trump left the deal in 2018, Iran has argued that the U.S. should act first and lift all sanctions. Price calls that a nonstarter.

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PRICE: Maximalist demands are not going to get us anywhere.

KELEMEN: He says U.S. envoy Rob Malley has a flexible schedule and will remain in Vienna as long as needed. Kelsey Davenport of the Washington-based Arms Control Association says time is not on anyone's side. Iran is gaining knowledge by working on advanced centrifuges, and that knowledge can't be reversed.

KELSEY DAVENPORT: There's an element of irreversibility here on both sides. I mean, Iran cannot get back the, you know, nearly three years that U.S. sanctions have been reimposed, the economic losses that it sustained because of the Trump administration's irresponsible maximum pressure campaign just like, you know, on the Iranian side, you know, we can't reverse that knowledge on the advanced centrifuges and some of the research and development.

KELEMEN: Critics of the Iran deal favored Trump's maximum pressure campaign and argue that the Biden administration is easing up too quickly. Biden officials say the deal was working and kept Americans safer before Trump left it.

Michele Kelemen, NPR News, Washington.

美国和伊朗开始在维也纳举行间接会谈。目标是挽救特朗普政府退出的核协议。据NPR新闻的米歇尔·克莱门报道，该协议其余签署国的外交官为美国和伊朗官员“传话”。

米歇尔·克莱门：在外交方面，同意再次会晤是进步的标志。从这一点来看，驻维也纳的外交官取得了一些进展。伊朗称今天的会谈具有建设性，并表示下一次会议将于周五举行。美国国务院发言人内德·普赖斯称这一外交行动是健康的进步，他表示，各工作组目前正在努力敲定伊朗和美国都可以采取的具体步骤，以重新遵守2015年签署的核协议。

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内德·普赖斯：在离开维也纳时，我们希望能更好地理解我们达到这一状态——双方都遵守协议——的路线图。

克莱门：美国要想重新遵守协议，就必须终止一些限制措施，比如阻止伊朗与其他国家进行贸易往来的措施，尤其是对伊朗经济至关重要的石油销售的限制。对伊朗来说，这将意味着拆除目前浓缩铀水平超过协议允许上限的离心机，并允许核查人员再次进入伊朗。自2018年特朗普退出阂协议以来，伊朗一直主张美国应首先采取行动，解除所有制裁。普赖斯称这不可行。

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普赖斯：最大化的要求不会让我们有任何进展。

克莱门：他表示，美国特使罗布·马利的日程安排非常灵活，只要有需要，他就会留在维也纳。总部设在华盛顿的军控协会的凯尔西·达文波特表示，时间不会偏袒任何一方。伊朗正在通过研究先进的离心机获得知识，而这种知识是无法逆转的。

凯尔西·达文波特：双方都有不可逆转的因素。美国在近三年前恢复对伊朗的制裁，伊朗无法挽回因特朗普政府不负责任的最大压力行动而蒙受的经济损失，而在伊朗方面，我们无法逆转有关先进离心机和部分研究与开发的知识。

克莱门：伊朗核协议的批评者支持特朗普的最大压力行动，他们认为拜登政府放松制裁的速度过快。拜登政府官员表示，在特朗普退出之前，这项协议有发挥作用，而且也让美国人更加安全。

NPR新闻，米歇尔·克莱门华盛顿报道。