纪录片《狗狗秘闻》 12狗和灰狼相似（在线收听）

Until the advent of molecular genetics,

在分子遗传学出现前

archaeology had few firm answers.

考古学对很多问题都给不出确定的答案

All you have to play with are the bones

你能够做的只有研究动物的骨头

and so when you look at the bones, if you don't have

因此当你观察那些骨头的时候

a very small flat-faced round-headed pug in

如果考古学中没有出现过

the archaeological record,

扁脸圆头哈巴狗的化石

you don't know where that came from.

你就不知道它从何而来

Those are questions that

那些问题在遗传学出现之前

before genetics you really couldn't answer.

真的是难以回答的

To unravel the evolutionary origins of dogs,

为了发现犬类的进化原型

molecular Geneticists compared DNA

分子遗传学家比对了

from dogs with that of their wild relatives.

狗与其野生亲属的DNA

Specifically, they looked at mitochondrial dna sequences

他们目标明确的着手于线粒体的DNA顺序

Which are passed unchanged down the maternal line.

这些DNA完全遗传于母系

What's so useful for scientists

随着时间的推移线粒体DNA只改变了

is that mitochondrial DNA changes little over time

很小一部分 这对科学家来说非常有用

And so acts as a kind of signature

这就如同一个签名

left by an animal's ancestors.

遗传自某类动物的祖先

Those markers in domestic dogs show them to be much more

从这些家狗的线粒体DNA中可以发现

closely related to grey wolves

和其他物种对比

than they are to any other species.

他们与灰狼的基因更加相似

There's no admixture

这里没有任何的基因的糅合

so we never see a mitochondrial signature of saying

我们从未在家狗身上发现任何存在于

An african wild dog, jackal or coyote in a domestic dog.

非洲野狗 豺 山狗身上的线粒体DNA

Of thousands upon thousands of mitochondrial DNA

在成千上万的线粒体DNA中

that has been extracted from domestic dogs,

那些从驯养狗身上萃取下来的DNA

every single one of them just looks just like a grey wolf.

每一部分都与灰狼的DNA非常接近