2021年经济学人 波斯音乐--意识流(1)（在线收听）

Books&Arts

文学与艺术

Persian music--Stream of consciousness

波斯音乐——意识流

Niche streaming help services Iranian musicians find their audience.

小众流媒体帮助伊朗音乐家找到他们的听众。

The work of Mim Rasouli, a musician based near Tehran, is rich in Persian and Western influences.

米姆·拉苏利是一位住在德黑兰附近的音乐家，他的作品深受波斯和西方的影响。

In “Fastalgia”, one of his best-known tunes, Mr Rasouli mashes up songs by Seyyed Javad Zabihi, a muezzin from the time of the shah; Mohammad Reza Shajarian, one of Iran’s greatest cultural treasures; Archive, an alt-rock band based in London; and Arms and Sleepers, a trip-hop group from Boston.

在他最著名的歌曲之一“Fastalgia”中，拉苏利先生将几位艺术家的歌曲混搭在一起，其中有伊朗国王时期的宣教员赛义德·贾瓦德·扎比希、伊朗最伟大的文化瑰宝之一穆罕默德·雷扎·沙加里安、一个伦敦的另类摇滚乐队Archive，还有来自波士顿的旅行舞蹈团“武器与沉睡者”。

The result is a dreamy, nostalgic track meant to evoke a time when the Ramadan fast began with Zabihi’s call to prayer and the iftar, or fast-breaking evening meal, was accompanied by Shajarian’s thundering voice.

最终融合成一首梦幻又怀旧的歌曲，让人想起斋月里斋戒开始时，扎比希的呼唤祈祷，和伴随着沙加里安雷鸣般嗓音的斋戒晚餐。

Zabihi was murdered two years after the revolution of 1979; before he died last year Shajarian boycotted state radio to show support for pro-democracy protesters.

扎比希在1979年革命两年后被谋杀。去年，就在扎比希去世之前，沙加里安曾抵制国家电台，来表示对民主抗议者的支持。

Listeners can still stream their music on Spotify and similar services. But “Fastalgia” itself is not available.

听众仍然可以在Spotify和类似的平台上听他们的音乐。但是“Fastalgia”这首歌是听不了的。

Nor is anything else by Mr Rasouli, or indeed any Iranian musicians living and working in Iran.

拉苏利的其他作品也都听不了，甚至其他在伊朗生活和工作的伊朗音乐家的歌曲也没有。

The reason is simple. Sanctions prevent Western companies from engaging in commercial relationships with Iranian entities or individuals.

原因很简单。这是为了阻止西方公司与伊朗单位或个人建立商业关系。

Mr Rasouli says he would love to be on Spotify (itself not formally available in Iran), but instead puts his music online for nothing.

拉苏利表示，他很乐意把自己的音乐放到Spotify上(Spotify在伊朗还没有正式上线)，但最终还是将自己的音乐免费放到了网上。

His songs can be found on his personal website, YouTube, SoundCloud, Telegram and Navahang, a Persian-music streaming service.

他的歌曲可以在他个人的油管、声云、Telegram网站和波斯音乐流媒体Navahang上找到。

“I didn’t choose them,” Mr Rasouli says of this last outlet.

拉苏利在谈到Navahang这一平台时说“我没有选择它们”。

Rather, after Navahang began posting his music of its own accord, he sent it more. He receives no payment in exchange.

相反，在Navahang开始发布自己的音乐后，拉苏利上传了更多，而他没有得到任何报酬。

Based in Finland, Navahang was set up in 2015 by Siavash Danesh, a refugee, with an app built in India.

Navahang由难民西亚瓦什·达内什于2015年创建，总部位于芬兰，应用程序开发在印度进行。

With roughly 2m users, it is a small outfit that focuses on the Iranian underground scene and female artists.

这是一家专注于伊朗地下艺术和女性艺术家的小型机构，它拥有大约200万用户。

The service is free; registration is not required.

平台服务是免费的，并且不需要注册。

It carries advertising, but its size, and the fact that many listeners are in unprofitable Iran, mean revenues are modest.

平台会承接广告，但是由于它规模不大，以及许多听众来自几乎没有盈利的伊朗地区，所以广告收入很有限。