美国国家公共电台 NPR 美国计划9月20日开打加强针（在线收听）

Millions of Americans have held back from a first COVID shot, and soon some will get their third.

数百万美国人尚未接种第一剂新冠肺炎疫苗，但有些人很快就将接种第三针。

U.S. health authorities plan booster shots for fully vaccinated adults starting the week of September 20.

美国卫生机计划从9月20日开始为完全接种疫苗的成年人注射加强针。

NPR's Allison Aubrey begins our coverage. Allison, good morning.

NPR的新闻的艾莉森·奥布里将带来详细报道。艾莉森，早上好。

Good morning, Steve.

早上好，史蒂夫。

So now we get to repeat some questions from when the vaccines first appeared late last year, starting with this question. Who goes first?

现在我们要再问一下去年年底疫苗首次推出时的一些问题，我们从这个问题开始问起。谁先接种？

Well, first of all, this is all dependent on a review by the FDA and a panel of CDC advisers.

首先，这完全取决于美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）和美国疾病控制与预防中心（简称CDC）顾问小组的审查。

But the plan, as you say, is that all adults who received either the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines will be eligible for a booster dose after about eight months — eight months after they received their first shot.

但正如你所说，该计划是所有接种辉瑞或莫德纳疫苗的成年人在第一针注射大约8个月后，将有资格获得增强针。

And since health care workers, people in nursing homes and long-term care facilities and older people were among the first to get vaccinated,

由于医疗工作者、疗养院和长期护理机构的人员以及老年人都是最先接种疫苗的人群，

they will be first up for boosters, too.

因此他们也将首先接种加强针。

It's anticipated the people who got the J&J shot will get boosters as well, but that is pending a review of more data.

预计接种强生疫苗的民众也会获得加强针，但这有待于对更多数据的审查。

And separately, the administration has announced a plan to require nursing homes to mandate vaccines for nursing home staff or risk losing Medicare or Medicaid funding.

另外，政府宣布了一项计划，要求养老院强制为养老院工作人员接种疫苗，否则将面临失去医疗保险或医疗补助资金的风险。

Where do people get the booster shots?

人们在哪里能接种加强针？

There's going to be a lot of options. Some people will go back to the pharmacy where they got their initial doses.

会有很多选择。有些人会回到他们之前接种疫苗的药房。

Some doctors' offices and clinics plan to offer the shots.

部分医生办公室和诊所计划提供接种服务。

Large health care systems tell me they've been planning for the possibility of boosters for months.

大型医疗保健系统的工作人员告诉我，几个月来，他们一直在为注射加强针的可能性进行计划。

Here's Michelle Medina of the Cleveland Clinic.

以下是克利夫兰诊所的米歇尔·梅迪娜所说。

Cleveland Clinic is planning to give out booster shots in our mass vaccination site that just do COVID vaccine all day.

克利夫兰诊所计划在我们的大规模疫苗接种点进行加强针的注射，全天只接种新冠肺炎疫苗。

But really, when you walk into a primary care office, if you happen to be in one of our ambulatory pharmacies,

但实际上，当你走进初级保健办公室，如果你碰巧在我们的一个流动药房，

we have some community sites, you're able to actually get the vaccine in all of these places.

你会发现我们有一些社区站点，你可以在所有这些地方接种疫苗。

And no matter where you are around the country, administration officials say the booster shots will be free.

政府官员表示，无论你在美国哪个地方，加强针接种都是免费的。

Allison, in a moment, we're going to talk to the director of the National Institutes of Health to get a sense of why the government is making this change now,

艾莉森，稍后我们将采访美国国立卫生研究院的院长，了解政府现在做出这一改变的原因，

but give us the top line here.

但请告诉我们最重要的原因。

What evidence persuaded the health authorities that this is the time to do this?

有什么证据让卫生部门相信现在是采取这一措施的时候了？

Sure. CDC Director Walensky pointed to several new lines of evidence that show protection begins to decrease over time among vaccinated people.

好。美国疾病预防控制与预防中心主任瓦伦斯基指出，有几项新证据表明，随着时间的推移，接种疫苗者获得的保护力开始下降。

For instance, new data from New York show that vaccine effectiveness against new infections declined from 92% in May down to about 80% in July, just as delta was surging.

例如，来自纽约的新数据显示，在“德尔塔”变种激增之际，针对新增感染的疫苗有效性从5月的92%下降到7月的80%左右。

And Dr. Walensky pointed to a study from the Mayo Clinic that found between January and July, there was a fairly pronounced reduction in effectiveness against infections.

瓦伦斯基博士指出，梅奥诊所的一项研究发现，1月至7月期间，抗感染的效果明显下降。

Even though our vaccines are currently working well to prevent hospitalizations,

尽管我们的疫苗目前在防止住院方面效果良好，

we are seeing concerning evidence of waning vaccine effectiveness over time and against the delta variant.

但我们看到有令人担忧的证据表明，随着时间的推移，疫苗效力正在减弱，而且对“德尔塔”变种的疫苗效力也在减弱。

She says it's important to stay ahead of the virus and not wait until there is a lot of breakthrough infections leading to hospitalizations.

她表示，重要的是要领先于病毒，而不是等到出现大量突破性感染导致住院治疗。

So she says the plan is to start offering boosters as soon as September 20.

因此，她表示，计划最早在9月20日开始提供加强针。

Who's pushing back on this?

谁在反对这项计划？

You know, there is criticism that given so many people in countries around the globe remain unvaccinated,

有人批评称，全球各国仍有如此经多的没有接种疫苗，

that this just isn't fair that Americans are now going to be getting another dose.

而美国人现在又要再接种一剂疫苗，这非常不公平。

Surgeon General Vivek Murthy addressed this concern at the White House yesterday.

美国卫生部长维韦克·穆尔蒂昨天在白宫谈到了这个问题。

I do not accept the idea that we have to choose between America and the world.

我不接受我们必须在美国和世界之间做出选择的观点。

We clearly see our responsibility to both, and we believe we have to work on both fronts, as we have been.

我们清楚地看到我们对这两方面的责任，我们认为我们必须在这两个方面都努力，就像我们一直以来所做的那样。。

Administration officials say the U.S. shipped more than 100 million doses of COVID vaccines to other countries just during June and July

史蒂夫，政府官员表示，仅6月和7月，美国就向其他国家运送了1亿多剂新冠肺炎疫苗，

and say they'll continue to support efforts to boost manufacturing and distribution around the globe, Steve.

并表示他们将继续支持促进全球生产和分销的努力。

NPR's Allison Aubrey, always a pleasure hearing from you. Thanks so much.

以上是NPR新闻的艾莉森·奥布里带来的报道，很高兴听到你的报道。非常感谢。

Thanks, Steve.

谢谢你，史蒂夫。