时代周刊:新冠病毒如何影响下一代医生(6)（在线收听）

Of course, it will take more than a few lectures to address centuries-old disparities in medical care, particularly because systemic racism has so many tendrils.

当然，要解决医疗保健方面存在了几个世纪的不平等问题，需要的不仅仅是几堂课，尤其是因为系统性的种族主义有太多的枝蔓。

It's not enough to train physicians on implicit bias and cultural sensitivity when Black and Hispanic Americans' health suffers because of effects of poverty and segregation

当黑人和西班牙裔美国人的健康因几个世纪以来的贫困和种族隔离受到影响，

built up over centuries—or when many people from these communities can't afford to become doctors themselves, perpetuating cycles of mistrust in a heavily white medical system.

或者当这些社区的许多人无法负担成为医生的费用，不信任在一个白人至上的医疗体系中一直持续下去时，仅仅训练医生了解内隐偏见和文化敏感性是不够的。

At most medical schools, the student body looks a lot like the faculty.

在大多数医学院里，学生的身体看起来如同老师。

Together, Black and Hispanic students made up less than 15% of the national medical-student population during the 2019–2020 school year, AAMC data show.

AAMC的数据显示，2019-2020学年，黑人和西班牙裔学生占全美医学生总数的不到15%。

People who identified as American Indian/Alaska Native made up just 0.2%.

美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民只占0.2%。

Wealth disparities go a long way toward explaining why: medical-school tuition and fees can easily top $60,000 per year, and the average new doctor graduates with about $200,000 in debt, according to AAMC data.

财富差距是主要原因：根据AAMC的数据，医学院的学杂费轻轻松松就能达到每年6万多美元，而刚毕业的医生平均负债约20万美元。

Before the pandemic, a small but growing group of schools were trying out a way to fix that: offering free or heavily discounted tuition.

在新冠爆发之前，尝试解决这个问题的学校为数不多，但数量在不断增加：提供免费或大幅打折的学费。

NYU permanently waived its $55,000 annual tuition in 2018. Geisinger now offers free tuition for students who agree to practice within its health system.

纽约大学在2018年永久性免除了每年5.5万美元的学费。盖辛格现在为同意在其医疗系统内行医的学生提供免费学费。

Kaiser's free tuition offer will go to its first five graduating classes.

凯撒的前五个毕业班将享受免费学费。

The pandemic may accelerate conversations about affordability, especially as financial stress stretches on.

这场新冠可能会加速有关负担能力的讨论，尤其是在金融压力持续扩大的情况下。

Dr. Steven Scheinman, the dean at Geisinger, says a stronger reliance on remote learning could push the school's tuition down over time.

盖辛格学院院长史蒂文·沙因曼博士说，对远程教学的更强依赖久而久之可能会推动学校的学费不断下降。

NYU and about a dozen other U.S. medical schools are also part of a consortium studying

纽约大学和其他十几所美国医学院也是一个联盟的一部分，该联盟研究

how an accelerated medicalschool schedule—three years instead of four—affects learning, student finances, and licensing and placement for new doctors.

加速的医学院时间表——3年而不是4年——如何影响学习、学生财务、新医生的许可和就业。

Cutting a year of school would get doctors out into the field faster, saving them a year of expenses.

缩短一年的学习时间可以让医生更快地投入工作，为他们节省一年的开支。

More than a dozen U.S. medical schools, including NYU and each of the four medical schools in Massachusetts, along with many in the U.K.,

包括纽约大学和马萨诸塞州四所医学院在内的十多所美国医学院，

like the University of Cambridge and Oxford University, allowed their students to graduate early last spring to help with the pandemic response.

以及英国剑桥大学和牛津大学等许多大学，都允许他们的学生在去年春天早些时候毕业以帮助应对新冠病毒。

In a worst-case scenario, the current, ongoing spike could necessitate something similar.

在最坏的情况下，当前持续飙升的油价可能需要采取类似的举措。