时代周刊:美国疫后自由市场已逝,接下来该走哪条路?(3)（在线收听）

Similarly, a managed economy on a national scale needs public investment to flourish.

同样，一个国家规模的管理经济需要公共投资来繁荣。

When government invests in public goods like roads, airports, public transit, schools and solar panels, economic growth soars—just as it does when you put a roof over a farmer's market.

当政府投资公路、机场、公共交通、学校和太阳能电池板等公共产品时，经济增长就会飙升——就像给农家市场盖上屋顶一样。

Finally, a managed market recognizes the need for the state to buffer shocks and surprises.

最后，一个有管理的市场要认识到政府有必要缓冲冲击和意外。

When the growth of the suburbs and supermarkets threatened the viability of a central downtown market, local government in Lancaster stepped in to modernize the market,

当郊区和超市的发展威胁到市中心市场的生存时，兰开斯特的地方政府开始介入，使市场现代化，

and a nonprofit managing the market helps ensure a balance of vendors that can serve the local community and tourists alike.

一个管理市场的非营利组织有助于确保商贩之间的平衡，既能服务于当地社区，也能服务于游客。

Today, Amish women wearing traditional bonnets serve fresh-baked pies steps away from a stand of Middle Eastern foods and another selling mozzarella cheese made from local goat's milk.

今天，戴着传统帽子的阿米什妇女在远离中东食品摊位和另一个用当地羊奶制作马苏里拉奶酪摊位的地方供应新鲜烘焙的馅饼。

At a national level, monetary and fiscal authorities employ macroeconomic policy to mitigate the blows of unexpected crises.

在国家层面，货币和财政当局采用宏观经济政策来减轻意外危机的打击。

Just last year in response to the pandemic, the Federal Reserve took rates to zero, restarted its bondbuying program and broke new ground by moving into corporate and municipal debt markets.

就在去年，为了应对疫情，美联储(Federal Reserve)将利率降至零，重启了债券购买计划，并通过进入公司和市政债券市场开辟了新的领域。

Meanwhile, political leaders of both parties passed three emergency aid bills to keep tens of millions of Americans out of poverty and tens of thousands of businesses above water.

与此同时，两党领导人通过了三项紧急援助法案，使数千万美国人摆脱贫困，使数万家企业脱离困境。

We have always used regulation, public investment and macroeconomic management to make our economy work, but we've done so sporadically and often weakly because we've told ourselves a different story about how the economy works.

我们一直都是通过监管、公共投资和宏观经济管理来让经济运转，但我们只是偶尔这么做，而且通常力度很小。因为关于经济如何运转我们告诉自己的是另一个故事。

It's time for the story we tell to match the reality of economic growth—and to fully embrace the opportunity that creates.

是时候让我们所讲的故事与经济增长的现实相匹配，并充分拥抱由此带来的机遇。

We can look at shifting attitudes on childcare. Free-market orthodoxy told parents with young kids that they were on the hook to find and pay for affordable, safe childcare.

我们可以看看人们对儿童保育态度的转变。自由市场的正统观念告诉有小孩的父母，他们需要找到并支付负担得起的、安全的托儿服务。

A managed market outlook recognizes the obvious: cheap access to good childcare makes it easier for parents, particularly mothers, to join the labor force, boosting economic activity.

有管理的市场前景认识到一个显而易见的事实：廉价的优质托儿服务让父母，尤其是母亲更容易加入劳动力大军，从而提振经济活动。

In many cases, it also improves educational outcomes for their kids.

在很多情况下还能提高孩子的教育成果。

Virtually all Democrats and almost threequarters of Republicans support the idea of offering optional public pre-K to all 3-and 4-year-olds, and nearly half of Republicans go further and support universal childcare from birth to age 5.

几乎所有的民主党人和近四分之三的共和党人都支持为所有3到4岁的孩子提供可选的公共学前教育的想法，近一半的共和党人则更进一步支持从出生到5岁儿童的全体保育。