VOA新闻杂志2022 拉卡市解放后大批叙利亚人逃离（在线收听）

Raqqa, the former capital of the Islamic State (IS) and home to about 300,000 people, is now free.

拥有30万人口的伊斯兰国前首都拉卡市现在已经得到解放。

Yet many of its people want to leave. Those with property are trying to sell it to save up for the journey to Turkey. Those without money struggle to get by.

然而许多人都想离开。那些拥有资产的人士正试图将其出售，以便凑钱前往土耳其。那些没钱的人则艰难度日。

At least 3,000 people left Raqqa for Turkey in 2021, said the city's civil council co-chair Mohammed Nour.

该市公民委员会联合主席穆罕默德·努尔表示，2021年至少有3千人离开拉卡去了土耳其。

In some ways, the city's recovery from IS rule is clear. Cafes and restaurants are full of people. Kurdish-led forces stand guard on major streets.

在某些方面，这座城市从伊斯兰国的统治下复苏是显而易见的。咖啡馆和餐馆人满为患。库尔德人领导的部队在主要街道上站岗。

But poverty is widespread. People line up for basics such as bread. Unemployed young men sit around. Water and electricity are limited. Many live among bombed-out ruins.

但是贫穷是普遍存在的。人们排队购买面包等基本食物。失业的年轻人闲坐着。水电供应存在限制。许多人生活在被炸毁的废墟中。

Local officials say at least 30 percent of the city is destroyed.

当地官员表示，这座城市至少有30%的面积被毁。

Poverty and unemployment drive young men into the arms of IS. Kurdish investigators say new IS recruits captured last month had been drawn in by money. At the same time, the Kurdish-led city government received applications from 27,000 job seekers last year, but had no jobs.

贫困和失业将年轻人推向了伊斯兰国的怀抱。库尔德调查人员表示，上个月抓获的伊斯兰国新兵都是被金钱所吸引。与此同时，库尔德人领导的市政府去年收到了2.7万份求职申请，但是找不到活干。

Milhem Daher, a 35-year-old engineer, is in the process of selling his home, businesses and properties to pay a smuggler to take him and his family of eight to Turkey, a key route for Syrians trying to get to Europe.

35岁的工程师穆勒哈姆·达希尔正在出售他的住房、企业和财产，以便付钱给蛇头，将他和他的8位家人带到土耳其，这是叙利亚人前往欧洲的关键路线。

He plans to leave as soon as he has enough money.

他计划一凑够钱就走。

Daher survived Raqqa's recent violent history, including the beginning of Syria's civil war in 2011, and the 2014 takeover by IS militants who turned the city into a capital. A United States-led coalition dropped thousands of bombs on the city to drive out IS.

达希尔在拉卡市最近的暴力历史中幸存了下来，包括2011年叙利亚内战开始，以及2014年被伊斯兰国武装分子接管并将这座城市定为首都。以美国为首的联军向该市投下了数千枚炸弹以赶走伊斯兰国。

IS left the city in 2017 and lost its last territory in Syria in 2019.

伊斯兰国于2017年离开了这座城市，并在2019年失去了它在叙利亚的最后一块地盘。

Now Daher is selling off what remains of his failed businesses to start a new life. He needs $10,000.

现在，达希尔正在卖掉他倒闭企业的剩余部分以便开始新生活。他需要1万美元。

In Raqqa, having money can also be a problem as kidnappings are on the rise.

在拉卡市，随着绑架事件的增加，有钱也可能是个麻烦。

Real estate developer Imam al-Hasan, 37, was taken from his home and held for days by attackers. To secure his release, he paid $400,000, money belonging to him and traders who trusted him with their life savings. He complained to the local authorities, but he said nothing was done. A month after the event, bruises are still visible on his face and legs.

37岁的房地产开发商伊玛姆·阿尔哈桑被绑架分子从家中绑走并关押了数日。为了确保获释，他支付了40万美元赎金，这笔钱属于他以及那些信任他并把毕生积蓄交给他来打理的商人。他向地方当局投诉，但是他表示未见任何行动。在事件发生一个月之后，他的脸上和腿上仍然可见瘀伤。

Al-Hasan, too, is selling his home and belongings. "There is nothing left for me here," he said.

阿尔哈桑也在出售他的住房和财产。他说：“这里什么都没剩下给我。”

Two of Al-Hasan's relatives, who left in September and recently arrived in Europe, said that apart from economic issues it was the threat of more violence that pushed them to leave.

阿尔哈桑的两名亲属于9月份离开并于最近抵达了欧洲，他们表示，除了经济问题，还有更多暴力的威胁迫使他们离开。

"At any moment the situation could explode, how can I stay there?" said Ibrahim, 27.

27 岁的易卜拉欣说：“局势随时都可能爆发，我怎么能留在那里？”

He and Mohammed, 41, spoke under the condition that only their first names be used. They were worried about the security of their wives and children still living in the city.

他和41岁的穆罕默德在只给出姓氏的前提下接受了采访。他们担心仍然住在该市的妻儿的安全。

Back in Raqqa, Reem al-Ani, 70, prepares tea for two. Her son is the only one of four children who has remained in Syria. The others are spread across the world.

说回拉卡市，70岁的里姆·阿尔安尼正在给两人倒茶。她的儿子是4个孩子中唯一一个留在叙利亚的。其他孩子则分散在世界各地。

The stairs leading to their apartment are filled with bullet holes, the remains of battles against IS.

通往他们公寓的楼梯上布满了弹孔，这是与伊斯兰国战斗留下的痕迹。

She has grown used to a silent house. She said about her children, "I miss them."

她已经习惯了冷清的房子。她谈到孩子们时说：“我想念他们。”