科学美国人60秒 SSS 海洋生物如何与海上风能共存(3)（在线收听）

Victoria Todd is the director and chief scientist for ocean science consulting in Dunbar, Scotland.

维多利亚·托德是苏格兰邓巴市海洋科学咨询公司的主管和首席科学家。

And for years, she's worked with companies and regulators to minimize the impacts of offshore energy projects on marine wildlife.

多年来，她一直与公司和监管机构合作，将海上能源项目对海洋生物的影响降至最低。

The science shows that climate change is one of the biggest threats to ocean health.

科学表明，气候变化是对海洋健康的最大威胁之一。

Expanding offshore wind is seen as key to the energy transition and reducing the effects of warming on marine wildlife.

扩大海上风能被视为能源转换和减少气候变暖对海洋生物影响的关键。

But while we know wind is an important part of the solution, we also know that offshore wind development is not harmless.

但是，虽然我们知道风能是解决方案的一个重要部分，但我们也知道海上风能的开发并不是无害的。

The best way to protect marine life, in my opinion, is advanced planning.

在我看来，保护海洋生物的最好方法是提前规划。

Perform baseline studies prior to the wind farm development, such that we can understand the use of the area by the various animals at different times of the year.

在风电场开发之前进行基线研究，这样我们就可以了解不同动物在一年中的不同时间对该地区的使用情况。

In addition, one can also use pingers, which are actively producing noise emitting devices that can send out a warning signal to the marine mammals theoretically to pre-warn the animals that there is going to be a noise emitting event about to happen and that they can perhaps vacate the area.

此外，还可以使用积极制造噪音的设备声波发射器，理论上，这可以向海洋哺乳动物发出警告信号，预先警告这些动物即将发生噪音事件，它们可能会离开这个区域。

Well, what would you say the US can learn from Europe as we expand offshore wind development here?

那么，你认为我们在这里扩大海上风能开发，美国可以从欧洲学到什么？

Well, I think from what I've seen so far, they're managing to do quite a good job of the planning elements of it.

嗯，我认为从我到目前为止所看到的情况来看，他们在规划方面做得相当不错。

We have obviously very, very good research institutes on the East Coast.

我们在东海岸显然有非常非常优秀的研究机构。

I used to be at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, which is a very experienced and competent and longstanding marine institute,

我曾经在伍兹霍尔海洋研究所工作，这是一家经验丰富、能力出色、存在已久的海洋研究所，

and we have some great universities and some of the large whale experts, but they are also seeking our advice for these projects as well.

我们有一些很好的大学和一些大型鲸鱼专家，但他们也在征求我们对这些项目的建议。

In putting their heads together, scientists and offshore wind companies hope to make watching out for whales and other marine wildlife part of the industry's M.O.

通过集思广益，科学家和海上风能公司希望将对鲸鱼和其他海洋野生动物的警惕作为行业工作方式的一部分。

As turbines multiply off the U.S. coastline.

因为涡轮机在美国海岸线上成倍增加。

That's good for the whales and good for the climate.

这对鲸鱼和气候都有好处。

One of the reasons we want renewable energy is we're trying to reduce the impact we're having on the climate.

我们需要可再生能源的原因之一是我们正在努力减少我们对气候的影响。

We're trying to reduce ocean acidification.

我们正在努力减少海洋酸化。

We're trying to do all these things that are ultimately to protect our environment.

我们尽力所做的一切最终都是为了保护我们的环境。

But you don't want to damage the environment in the process, right?

但是你不想在这个过程中破坏环境，对吗？

And so you have to preserve what you have while you're trying to prevent further damage.

当你试图防止进一步的伤害时，你必须保护你所拥有的东西。

And so it's in everybody's best interest to make sure that it's done the right way.

确保这件事以正确的方式进行，对每个人都是最有利的。

This podcast was produced by Scientific American Custom Media and made possible through the support of Orsted.

本期播客是由科学美国人定制媒体制作，在赫斯特德的支持下播出的。