VOA教育报道2022 完成大学学业的美国人更少感到孤独（在线收听）

A recent study found that Americans who completed college or university are more likely to have friends and are less lonely than those who only finished high school.

最近的一项研究发现，与只完成高中学业的美国人相比，完成大学学业的美国人更有可能拥有朋友，更少感到孤独。

The findings come at a time when many Americans question whether a college degree is worth its cost.

这一研究结果出炉之际，许多美国人正在质疑大学学位是否物有所值。

Daniel Cox is director of the Survey Center on American Life and a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute.

丹尼尔·考克斯是美国生活调查中心的主任、美国企业研究所的高级研究员。

He said that, in general, Americans are experiencing a "friend recession," meaning a decline in their number of friends.

他说，总的来说，美国人正在经历“朋友衰退”，即他们的朋友数量在减少。

Cox noted that "Americans have fewer close friends today than we did in the early '90s.

考克斯指出：“与90年代初相比，如今美国人的亲密朋友要少得多。

But some groups were particularly affected in that they seem to have experienced a much more dramatic decline over that time period."

但一些群体受到的影响尤其大，因为他们在这段时间里似乎经历了更显著的下降。”

He added, "And there are two groups that really stood out.

他还说，“有两个群体尤为突出。

The first is men. And the second one is people without a college degree."

第一个是男性。第二个是没有大学学位的人。”

The Survey Center on American Life questioned 5,054 people this past summer.

美国生活调查中心在去年夏天对5054人进行了调查。

It found that Americans with a college degree feel more socially connected and are more active in their communities than people who did not go to college.

研究发现，与没有上过大学的人相比，拥有大学学位的美国人感觉社会联系更紧密，在社区中也更活跃。

As a result, those who completed college report feeling less lonely.

因此，那些完成大学学业的人报告说更少感到孤独。

Cox believes that the issue is a result of the decline in "traditional institutions," meaning religion, marriage, and unions.

考克斯认为，这个问题是“传统制度”衰落的结果，“传统制度”指的是宗教、婚姻和工会。

"Unions were primarily financial, but they also offered a lot of social support and social connection and feelings of belonging as well.

“工会主要是经济上的，但他们也提供了大量的社会支持、社会联系和归属感。

The decline of unions, the decline of marriage and the decline of religion have all disproportionately affected the noncollege group."

工会的衰落、婚姻的衰落和宗教的衰落都对非大学群体造成了不成比例的影响。

Disproportionately, in this case, means too large in relation to something.

在这里，Disproportionately指的是相对于某事物来说所占比例太大。

Previous research shows that Americans who did not go to college are less likely to marry.

此前的研究表明，没有上过大学的美国人结婚的可能性较小。

A 2013 study of people born between 1957 and 1964 found that both men and women who did not finish high school were less likely to marry than those with more education.

2013年针对1957年至1964年出生的人进行的一项研究发现，没有完成高中学业的男性和女性结婚的可能性都低于受教育程度更高的人。

A 2012 study found that college-educated women were much more likely to get married than women who dropped out of high school.

2012年的一项研究发现，受过大学教育的女性比高中辍学的女性更有可能结婚。

Cox points to research that shows that people who are married are more likely to have larger social groups and more close friends and report feeling lonely less often.

考克斯指出，研究表明，已婚的人更有可能拥有更大的社交群体和更多的亲密朋友，而且报告说更少感到孤独。

Today, 65 percent of college-educated Americans over age 25 are married.

如今，受过大学教育的25岁以上的美国人中有65%已婚。

About 50 percent of people with a high school diploma, or who dropped out of high school, are married.

大约50%拥有高中文凭的人或者高中辍学的人是已婚的。

Those numbers were different in 1990, when marriage rates among the college educated were at 69 percent, compared with 63 percent for those who did not go to college, says a Pew research report.

皮尤研究中心的一份研究报告显示，1990年的数据有所不同，当时受过大学教育的人的结婚率为69%，而没有上过大学的人的结婚率为63%。

Pew also finds that Americans are less religious overall.

皮尤研究中心还发现，总体而言，美国人的宗教信仰较少。

The percentage of Americans who say they're "religiously unaffiliated" rose from 17 percent in 2009 to 26 percent in 2018 and 2019.

称自己“无宗教信仰”的美国人的比例从2009年的17%上升到2018年和2019年的26%。

When it comes to unions, the percentage of workers who belong to a union has declined by almost half since 1983, when 20 percent of U.S. workers were union members.

说到工会，自1983年以来，属于工会的工人比例下降了近一半，当时20%的美国工人是工会成员。

Union membership had dropped to 10.8 percent by 2020.

到2020年，工会成员的比例已降至10.8%。

The American Community Life Survey found that around 1 in 10 college graduates say they have no close social connections.

美国社区生活调查发现，大约十分之一的大学毕业生表示，他们没有密切的社会关系。

That number rises among Americans without a degree, where almost 1 in 4 say they have no close friends.

在没有学位的美国人中，这一数字上升，近四分之一的人说他们没有亲密的朋友。